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Пример2

Michael — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 08:52:44 GMT

Summary:

Особенности лексико-морфологического анализа при извлечении информационных объектов и связей из текстов естественного языка

* <b>Peculiarity of lexical-grammatical analysis for object extraction from natural language texts.</b>

* [http://ipiranlogos.com Кузнецов И.П.] (igor-kuz@mtu-net.ru)

* [http://www.ipiranlogos.com/public/ru/index.htm Сомин Н.В.] (somin@post.ru)

Институт проблем информатики РАН, Москва

Аннотация

Анализируется опыт построения семантико-ориентированных лингвистических процессоров, выделяющих структуры знаний из текстов естественного языка (ЕЯ). Одним из важнейших компонент таких систем является блок лексико-морфологического анализа. В процессе развития данного класса процессоров этот блок постоянно совершенствовался и приобрел много новых функций, выходящих за рамки возможностей существующих блоков подобного типа. Данный блок генерирует лексические, морфологические, семантические признаки слов, выявляет простейшие формы естественного языка, имеет специальные средства настройки на предметную область и на особенности текстов ЕЯ. В работе рассматриваются эти функции.

1. Введение

1.1. Системы с возможностью обучения языку

На протяжении последних 20 лет в ИПИ РАН активно развивается область, связанная с анализом текстов естественного языка (ЕЯ) с целью извлечения полезной информации, формирования структур знаний и их использования для решения прикладных задач – поисковых, логико-аналитических. В 90-х годах был создан класс экспериментальных систем, которые обладали уникальной особенностью – их можно было обучать естественному языку и в дальнейшем использовать для задач фактографического поиска и принятия решений. Это системы ДИЕС [3,17], СПРУТ, LOG [5], ЭССЕИСТ [6], ИКС[3,4]. Эти системы создавались в рамках соответствующих пионерных проектов ИПИ РАН, поддерживаемых госбюджетом. Для обучения языку был разработан специальный интерфейс, с помощью которого вводились не только морфологические признаки, но и семантическая компонента каждого нового слова [17]. Для существительных нужно было указать, к какому классу они относятся. Для глаголов – модель управления и т.д. Для ввода новых слов не требовалось каких-либо специальных знаний. В системе ДИЕС это мог делать практически любой грамотный носитель языка – русского (для ИКС – и английского). В результате формировалась база лингвистических знаний слов и словосочетаний (с их семантикой), которая использовалась для лексико-морфологического и синтаксического анализа предложений ЕЯ с их отображением на структуры знаний, составляющие базу предметных знаний (БЗ). Система осуществляла полный разбор предложений с извлечением структур знаний (фактов). При этом учитывались случаи полисемии глаголов, восстанавливалась информация, заданная в неявном виде, и многое другое. Фактографический поиск и другие приложения осуществлялись на уровне структур знаний.

Для создания подобных систем требовались специальные языки представления знаний и инструментальные средства их обработки. Язык – это структурный объект на всех его уровнях, – от поверхностного до семантического. Для обработки конструкций языка были созданы: язык расширенных семантических сетей (РСС), обеспечивающий представление текстов ЕЯ на уровне структур знаний с любой требуемой точностью, и язык ДЕКЛ для преобразования структур в виде РСС [1,2,17].

В тоже время, развитие подобных систем требовало достаточно трудоемкой работы по вводу новых слов. Системы не могли работать с предложениями, где было много незнакомых для них слов. В связи с этим системы типа ДИЕС нашли применение для создания языков экспертных систем, содержащих ограниченное количество слов и форм, достаточных для ввода экспертных знаний. Одна из них – это система СПРУТ, предназначенная для выявления организованных преступных групп

1.2. Объектно-ориентированные процессоры.

В связи со сказанным в конце 90-х годов в рамках проектов ИПИ РАН начало развиваться другое направление, при котором не требовалось отображения семантики всех предложений на структуры знаний в БЗ [8,9,10]. Учитывался тот факт, что определенные категории пользователей интересуются конкретной информацией, которая встречается в текстах ЕЯ. Нужно извлекать из текстов только эту информацию. Данное направление возникло в связи с прикладными разработками для ГУВД г. Москвы. Их проблемы заключались в наличии потоков документов на ЕЯ (сводок происшествий, справок по уголовным делам, обвинительных заключений и др.), в которых было много полезной информации. Это фигуранты, их адреса, телефоны, оружие, автотранспорт и др. Следователей и аналитиков интересовали именно такого сорта объекты и связи между ними. Использование типовых БД требовало громадной работы для их заполнения.

В связи с этим в ИПИ РАН была инициирована работа по созданию лингвистических процессоров (ЛП), обеспечивающих автоматическое выделение их текстов ЕЯ информационных объектов и связей с формированием структур знаний в БЗ. Такие ЛП были названы объектно-ориентированными (в некоторых работах – семантико-ориентированными). Для успешного создания подобных ЛП у разработчиков уже имелась достаточная база. В результате была создана система «Криминал», обеспечивающая автоматическое извлечение структур знаний из текстов ЕЯ и их использование для решения логико-аналитических задач - для следователей и аналитиков. В данной системе не требовалось вводить морфологические и другие характеристики слов. Для этого был создан блок лексико-морфологического анализа (ЛМА), который анализирует текст и строит семантическую сеть (РСС), названной пространственной структурой текста (ПС-текста). Последняя обрабатывается блоком синтактико-семантического анализа (ССА), который (на языке ДЕКЛ) анализирует ПС-текста и формирует на РСС структуру, представляющую объекты и связи между ними. Такие структуры образуют БЗ.

Отметим, что блок ЛМА написан на языке Си++, при использовании которого на определенных этапах формализации текстов возникают существенные трудности. В тоже время, чем больше функций берет на себя блок ЛМА, тем в большей степени снимает трудности дальнейшего процесса формализации, который осуществляется блоком ССА [13,14,20].

Поэтому в последующих проектах ИПИ РАН (АНАЛИТИК, ПОТОК и др.) блок ЛМА постоянно усовершенствовался [7,18]. В процессе выполнения проектов объектно-ориентированный ЛП использовался в различных предметных областях для формализации различных корпусов текстов. В связи с этим в блок ЛМА постоянно вводились новые возможности. В данной статье обобщается опыт разработчиков по построению объектно-ориентированных ЛП. Статья посвящена описанию особенностей блока ЛМА, выполняющего сложные функции по анализу текстов ЕЯ и обеспечивающего необходимой информацией блок ССА для данного типа ЛП.

2. Особенности объектно-ориентированных ЛП

Наш опыт показывает, что при наличии потока документов, требующих обработки, учесть все формы и особенности ЕЯ, используемые при описании многих объектов и связей, и построить сколь либо полную «модель языка» - неразрешимая задача. Поэтому требуется постоянное совершенствование ЛП.

В связи с этим рамках проектов ИПИ РАН развивается направление, когда программа объектно-ориентированного ЛП отделяется от лингвистических знаний (ЛЗ). Последние определяют всю процедуру анализа (см. ниже). ЛЗ имеют вид декларативных структур, которые легко менять и настраивать. В нашем случае роль таких структур выполняют фрагменты РСС [12-14]. Настройка ЛП осуществляется только за счет разработки ЛЗ.

Задача ЛП - поддерживать ЛЗ. При использовании подобных ЛП облегчается настройка на корпуса текстов, особенности предметной области. Корректировать ЛЗ может человек, обученный формализму РСС и знакомый с элементами математической лингвистики. Ему не нужно уметь программировать. Тогда возникает вариант, когда один человек может настраивать лингвистический процессор - находить ошибки и устранять их.

Как говорилось ранее, объектно-ориентированный ЛП состоит из блоков лексико-морфологического и синтактико-семантического анализа.

Блок лексико-морфологического анализа (ЛМА), выделяет из документа слова и предложения и выдает в виде семантической сети (ПС-документа), представляющей последовательность компонент (слов в нормальной форме, чисел, знаков) и их основные признаки. Блок ЛМА имеет три основных подсистемы:

- Лексический анализатор, который ответственен за правильное деление входного текстового потока на абзацы, предложения и слова (формирует лексические признаки слов);

- Морфологический анализатор, осуществляющий морфологический анализ всех слов текста (приводит слова в нормальную форму и формирует для них морфологические признаки);

- Систему предметных словарей, призванную распознать в тексте характерные термины (формирует семантические признаки).

Блок ЛМА имеет свои лингвистические знания (ЛЗ) – средства параметрической настройки, позволяющие учитывать разнообразие текстовой типологии, и набор предметных словарей (словарь стран, регионов России, имен, профессий и др.) для придания словам и словосочетаниям дополнительных семантических признаков [13,18].

Блок синтактико-семантического анализа (ССА) путем анализа ПС-документа выделяет объекты и связи. На их основе строит другую семантическую сеть, представляющую семантическую структуру документа (СС-документа), называемую также содержательным портретом [12,15,19]. Этот блок включает в себя базу лингвистических знаний (ЛЗ), которая содержит правила анализа текста во внутреннем представлении (РСС). Они определяют работу ЛП [13-19].

Блок ССА управляется ЛЗ, за счёт которых обеспечивается:

- извлечение информационных объектов (лиц, организаций, событий, их места);

- выявление связей объектов; например, связей лиц с организациями, адресами и др.;

- анализ глагольных форм, причастных и деепричастных оборотов с выявлением фактов участия объектов в тех или иных действиях;

- идентификация объектов с учетом анафорических ссылок и сокращенных наименований;

- выявление связей действий с их местом или временем (где и когда имело данное действие или событие);

- анализ причинно-следственных и временных связей между действиями и событиями.

Особенности блока ССА описаны во многих статьях, в том числе трудах конференций Диалог [8-16]. Гораздо меньше внимания уделялось описанию работы блока ЛМА. В данной статье будет восполнен этот пробел.

Блок ЛМА [7], разработанный для русского и английского языков, основан на традиционной для таких блоков схеме словарей. Однако, помимо этого, в блоке ЛМА присутствует еще словарь обобщенных основ, позволяющая обрабатывать и новые слова, см. п.5.

Блок ЛМА приводит слова в нормальную форму и присваивает им признаки, которые делятся на три группы:

- лексические признаки (слово с большой буквы, большими буквами, с точкой на конце или это отдельная буква и др.)

- морфологические признаки (грамматическая категория слова, число для существительных и т.д.);

- семантические признаки (имя, организация, оружие и др., а также ключевые слова, относящиеся к соответствующему типу объектов).

Предусмотренный лексикографический анализ обеспечивает автоматическое деление текста на самостоятельные части (например, выделение документов из сводок) и определение начала и конца предложения, а также начала и конца абзаца.

Выходная информация бока ЛМА (т.е. ПС-текста) сохраняет порядок предложений в тексте, разделяя их фрагментами типа SENT, и порядок слов в предложении. При этом каждое слово представляется с его признаками, см. п. 7.
3. Предметные области и тексты

В настоящее время имеется большой опыт использования объектно-ориентированных ЛП в различных предметных областях, где требуется выделение различных объектов из корпусов текстов со своими особенностями. В данном разделе мы постараемся обобщить эти особенности и связанные с ними трудности, которые требовали постоянного совершенствования блока ЛМА. С какими предметными областями и текстами мы имели дело:

3.1. Документы криминальной милиции. Работа делалась по заказу ГУВД г. Москвы [9]. Была создана система «Криминал», в БЗ которой были введены: сводки происшествий по (более 500 тыс. происшествий), справки по уголовным делам (несколько сотен), обвинительные заключения (около сотни), записные книжки фигурантов (около сотни). Система обеспечивает выделение фигурантов, их примет, связей, организаций, дат, документов, номеров счетов, оружия (всего до 40 типов объектов) с указанием характера их участия в криминальных действиях .

3.2. Резюме (для приема на работу) на русском и английском языках. Работа инициировалась компанией HEADHUNTER и имела целью автоматическую обработку архивов произвольно написанных резюме и их представление в формате сайта данной компании [16]. Была создана система, выделяющая из резюме атрибуты человека, места его работы, учебы, соответствующие периоды времени, знание языков и т.д. Система отлаживалась в несколько этапов. Вначале на выборках в различных областях (информационные технологии, банковское дело, финансы, юриспруденция и др.) по 200 резюме. Далее отладка шла на специально подобранных «критичных» резюме (которые при обработке давали шумы по тем или иным типам объектов), из которых составлялись специальные выборки. Система работала на сайте упомянутой компании, чтобы автоматически переводить резюме пользователей, поступающих через Интернет, в формат сайта.

3.3. Документы о терроризме на русском языке. Работа носила инициативный характер с целью внедрения в крупный проект. Система дополнительно выделяла руководящих лиц, правительственные организации, террористов (как свойство фигурантов), террористические организации, орудия преступления, время и место событий и т.д., а также связи и участие лиц в тех или иных действиях. На первом этапе она отлаживалась на массиве в 300 документов, относящихся к террористической деятельности. В дальнейшем отладка шла на материалах СМИ, в том числе, взятых из Интернет [18]. Была также разработана ДЕМО-версия для обработки документов на английском языке.

3.4. Документы о памятниках культуры. Работа носила инициативный характер - делалась для Министерства культуры. Система выделяет из текстов тип памятника (скульптура, монумент), кто является автором, создателем, время, место и многое другое.

Во всех случаях (за счет средств настройки блоков ЛМА и ССА) удавалось добиться требуемого качества работы ЛП [10,13,17].

Отметим высокое разнообразие перечисленных предметных областей, которое определяется не только в различием выделяемых объектов и связей. Еще большие отличия можно наблюдать в «стиле» текстовых сообщений, связанных с предметными областями. В понятие «стиль» мы включаем весь комплекс особенностей, присущих определенной группе текстов. Сюда входят:

- лексика предметной области, включая всю совокупность специфических терминов предметной области;

- коммуникативный тип текста: художественное произведение, техническая или аналитическая статья, новостное сообщение, приказ, PR- текст (например – реклама);

- структурный тип текста: связный текст, список, таблица, математическая формула;

- инструмент создания текста (имеется в виду текстовый редактор или генератор текста, с помощью которого получен текст);

- способ грамматического оформления текста, под которым понимается следование стандартным правилам орфографии языка (проставление необходимых знаков препинания и разделителей, позволяющих структурировать текст);

- следование принятой в языке орфографии, что выражается в количестве орфографических ошибок или нарочитого введения искаженной лексики.

Отметим, что резкое увеличение разнообразия текстовой типологии, с которой мы столкнулись в различных предметных областях. В значительной степени это вызвано бурным распространением Интернет и тем фактом, что порождение текстов все в большей мере стали осуществлять люди различной степени подготовки и грамотности. Как следствие – наличие значительного количества специальных разделителей, отсутствие знаков препинания, большое количество сокращений, ошибок и многое другое. Отсюда следуют дополнительные требования к компонентам блока ЛМА и средствам их настройки. Рассмотрим их подробнее.
4. Лексический анализатор

Эта компонента блока ЛМА имеет дело с целым рядом взаимосвязанных задач, решение которых совершенно необходимо для успешной работы всего ЛП. Рассмотрим их особенности.

Прежде всего, решается задача структуризации текста. Дело в том, что текст в современной информационной среде – сложно структурированный объект. И его структура должна быть распознана и аккуратно передана блоку ССА, поскольку от правильного распознавания структуры текста в значительной степени зависит корректность всего анализа. Поэтому задача структуризации распадается на цепочку локальных задач.

4.1. Задача выделения лексем. При выделение из входного потока лексем (слов, знаков препинания, разного рода разделителей и др.) имеют место следующие трудности. Современный деловой текст содержит большое количество лексем, являющихся техническими, административными и фирменными названиями, телефонами, шифрами, номерами автомобилей, адресами электронной почты и Интернет и проч., содержащими цифры, буквы и разделители практически в произвольной комбинации. Такие знаки, как «-», «.» и «,», доставляют много хлопот при их анализе, в одних случаях являясь разделителями лексем, а в других – нет.

4.2. Задача выделения предложений. В виду огромного разнообразия текстовых «стилей», по отношению к современным текстам становится трудно говорить о предложении. Скорее следует говорить о «сильносвязанных» отрезках текста, в которых идет речь об одном объекте или одной ситуации, в которой участвуют несколько взаимодействующих объектов. В результате само понятие «предложение» резко расширяется, включая в себя, помимо обычных предложений (с точкой в конце), еще массу различных текстовых отрывков: ячеек таблицы, элементов списка и прочих, грамматическое оформление которых нетрадиционно.

4.3. Задача выделения абзацев. Абзацем мы называем отрезок текста из одного или нескольких предложений, связанных единой темой. Опять-таки расплывчатость этого определения позволяет трактовать его широко. Однако для блока ССА понятие абзаца является весьма важным, поскольку многие его механизмы направлены именно на идентификацию и совмещение объектов внутри одной темы. Лексический анализатор содержит в своем составе ряд алгоритмов, выделяющих абзацы, причем – разных типов.

Надо сказать, что задачи выделения предложений и абзацев весьма нетривиальны. Трудности выделения абзацев главным образом связаны с тем, что хорошо различимые разделители абзаца – пустые строки, отступы, границы клеток таблицы – теряются или искажаются при преобразовании текстов. Но гораздо большие трудности возникают при идентификации предложений. Дело в том, что современные пользователи Интернет вообще не считают необходимым ставить точки в конце предложения. В тоже время точка активно используется в качестве ограничителя сокращений, разделителя между частями несловарного компонента (электронного адреса, многозначного числа, банковского номера и пр.). Кроме того, разделителем предложения может являться не только точка, но и другие знаки («;», «:», «!», «?», «|» и т.д.). В результате задача разбиения текста на предложения становится просто головоломной шарадой, требующей учета массы разного рода частных правил и исключений.

4.4. Задачи унификации текста. Естественный язык – система необычайно многовариантная: один и тот же смысл (приблизительно) может быть выражен умопомрачительным количеством его текстовых выражений. Задача лексического анализатора: унифицировать написание отдельных слов и сокращений, привести к стандартной форме написание ряда стандартных словосочетаний. Трудность тут в том, чтобы выявить наиболее употребительные лексемы и словосочетания, требующие унификации.

К этой сложности примыкает проблема обнаружения и (по возможности) исправления опечаток и грамматических ошибок. В современных текстах их – громадное количество, и бороться с ними – задача из сложнейших. Кроме того, в современных текстах, особенно из Интернет, намечается тенденция нарочитого переделывания и перевирания слов, типа «ацкий ужос» или «падстол». Начинает формироваться целая интернетная «феня». В связи с этим потребуется постоянная корректировка языковых словарей и правил составления предложений.

Еще одна важная функция лексического анализатора – определение лексических признаков слов. Примеры такого рода признаков: «Слово из кириллицы с прописной буквы». «слово из кириллицы из прописных букв», «разделитель», «слово из латинских букв» и проч., всего – около 20 лексических признаков. Лексические типы являются важной дополнительной информацией, облегчающей работу как морфологического анализатора, так и блока ССА.

Наконец, лексический анализатор для ряда слов способен выполнить семантический анализ, определяя по формальному виду слове его семантическую категорию. К этому случаю относятся, скажем, сокращения имен и отчеств: прописная буква, за которой идет «.». Например «А.», «Н.», «J.». Еще примеры идентифицируемых семантических классов: «адрес электронной почты», «Интернет-адрес» (URL), «целое число», «число с дробной частью». Собственно, определение семантического класса каждого слова или словосочетания является одной из задач всего ЛП. И чем раньше такой класс будет определен, тем легче дальнейший анализ.
5. Морфологический анализатор

Задача морфологического анализатора – нормализация слов, определение морфологических признаков лексем, а также (в ряде случаев) – нахождение его семантического класса. Отметим, что к настоящему времени разработан целый ряд морфологических анализаторов русского языка, среди которых упомянем лишь некоторые: [21,22,23,24].

5.1. Базовая схема анализа.

Первоначально была реализована базовая схема анализа [5]. Считается, что каждое слово имеет постоянную часть (основу) и переменную часть. Последняя образует словоизменительную парадигму или класс окончаний. Были накоплены два словаря: словарь классов окончаний (СКО), в котором хранятся все возможные парадигмы русского языка и словарь основ (СО), в котором хранятся основы слов со ссылками на соответствующий класс окончаний.

Например, слово «бытие» имеет основу «быти» и класс окончаний за номером 1759, содержащий окончания в именительном, родительном, дательном, винительном, творительном и предложном падежах, а именно: «е», «я», «ю», «е», «ем», «и» (множественного числа это слово не имеет). Соответственно в СО имеется запись «быти 1759», а в СКО под номером 1759 закодирована парадигма с указанными окончаниями.

Отметим, что в общем случае в СО может быть несколько записей с одинаковой основой (но с разными классами окончаний), а на один и тот же класс окончаний может ссылаться несколько слов с разными основами. Возможны случаи пустой основы (пример: «хорошо»-«лучше») и пустого класса окончаний (для неизменяемых слов). Кроме основы и вариантов окончаний, в СКО хранятся морфологические признаки, соответствующие определенному классу окончаний в целом (постоянная морфологическая информация) и каждому окончанию парадигмы в отдельности (переменная морфологическая информация). Так, для класса 1759 в качестве постоянной информации хранятся признаки существительного, среднего рода, неодушевленности и второго склонения, а для каждого окончания хранится признак соответствующего падежа.

Алгоритм морфологического анализа при наличии данных словарей сводится к следующему. Для слова рассматриваются все варианты его разбиения на основу и окончание. Если для данного варианта разбиения находится основа, а в соответствующем ей классе окончаний находится вариант окончания, то данный морфологический разбор является корректным и слово получает морфологические признаки, взятые из постоянной и переменной частей морфологической информации. В общем случае может быть найдено и выдано несколько вариантов морфологического разбора, что известно, как морфологическая омонимия.

5.2. Морфологический анализ незнакомых слов.

В принципе предложенная схема анализа вполне корректна. Однако на практике ее успешное использование достаточно проблематично. Дело в том, что такая схема предполагает ручную разработку обоих словарей. И заметим – не только первоначальную разработку, но и их постоянное пополнение. Последнее обстоятельство особенно неприятно: в русском языке – более 100 тыс. слов общеупотребительного назначения и миллионы специальных терминов. Кроме того, перестройка вылилась в активную языковую экспансию: в русскоязычных текстах стало использоваться огромное количество англоязычных слов, которые никогда не входили в классические словари русского языка. В результате при обработке таких текстов система «натыкалась» на множество слов, отсутствующих в СО. Фактически требовалось ежедневное пополнение словаря. Но в то же время, создание таких словарей требует высокой лингвистической квалификации и исключительной тщательности. Составление достаточно полных морфологических словарей – кропотливая работа, требующая десятилетий.

Выход из описанной ситуации известен – обработка незнакомых системе слов «по аналогии» [24,25]. В нашей реализации этого метода использовался третий словарь – «словарь хвостов основ» (СХО). В словарь записываются все 1-буквенные,2-буквенные, 3-буквенные и т.д. «хвосты» основ (первые буквы основ отбрасываются) с указанием соответствующего класса окончаний. Было решено, что в СХО не будет одинаковых «хвостов», а его класс окончаний вычисляется из статистических соображений – по максимуму основ в СО, имеющих данный «хвост» и данный класс окончаний. Если слово не находится в словаре СО, то та же схема анализа повторяется, но уже с помощью пары словарей СХО-СКО.

В реализации словари СО и СХО были слиты в один словарь, за которым закрепилось название обобщенного словаря основ (ОСО), в результате чего все варианты анализа, – как точные, так и по аналогии, – выявляются за один проход по словарю. Кроме того, был разработан способ сжатия словарной информации, который позволил хранить все словари в оперативной памяти существующих на момент реализации (1996г.) компьютеров (объем словаря на 90 тыс. основ составляет 894КБ).

5.3. Борьба с морфологической омонимией.

Ясно, что использование обобщенного словаря основ ОСО может приводить к лишним вариантам морфологического анализа. Было предложено два достаточно эффективных способа борьбы с морфологической омонимией.

Первый способ – эмпирический алгоритм, отбрасывающий наименее вероятные варианты морфологического анализа. Такая «зачистка» вариантов выполняется по многим критериям, учитывающим наличие слова в СО, длину основы с СХО, часть речи. Кроме того, эмпирический алгоритм расставляет все варианты разбора в порядке их вероятности. Такое ранжирование необходимо для ряда приложений, когда используется только один вариант морфологического анализа.

Второй способ – частичный синтаксический анализ. Дело в том, что в предложении слово вступает в синтаксические связи с другими словами, и выявление этих связей позволяет отбросить варианты морфологического анализа, этим связям не удовлетворяющих. Прежде всего было реализовано распознавание двух конструкций: полного согласования и генетической цепочки.

5.4. Особенности блока английской морфологии.

Помимо русского морфологического словаря был создан и английский морфологический словарь. Он использует уже разработанное для русской морфологии программное обеспечение, которое оказалось возможным адаптировать к специфике английского языка. Блоки английской и русской морфологии выдают практически одни и те же морфологические характеристики. Это позволяет использовать для синтаксико-семантического анализа англоязычных текстов те же средства, что и для русского языка. В результате появилась возможность записывать лингвистические знания для этих языков в одном и том же формализме.

Общий объем словаря основ блока английской морфологии - около 85 тыс. Тем не менее, для повышения качества работы этого блока в него был введен ряд специфических для английского языка алгоритмов, которые в основном касаются отсева лишних вариантов морфологического анализа. Дело в том, что слова английского языка чрезвычайно омонимичны. Очень часто одно и то же слово может быть и существительным, и глаголом, и прилагательным. В блоке английской морфологии реализованы алгоритмы, позволяющие в ряде случаев корректно отбрасывать лишние варианты (другие варианты отсеиваются в процессе синтактико-семантического анализа). Блок ЛМА был модифицирован для работы с предметными словарями английского языка, которые удалось совместить со словарями русского языка.

6. Система предметных словарей

Предметные словари (стран, имен собственных, организаций, профессий, видов оружия и др.) состоят из терминов. Множество словарей образует систему.

Система предметных словарей (СПС) предназначена для распознавания в тексте слов и словосочетаний, специфичных для конкретной предметной области. Им присваиваются признаки принадлежности к определенной семантической категории. Будем называть этот процесс идентификацией терминов словаря. Такая принадлежность является основой выделения объекта. В предметном словаре может быть или термин, представляющий объект определенного типа (но таких объектов может быть достаточно много), или характеристическое слово, опираясь на которое можно начинать распознавание объекта – на уровне синтактико-семантического анализа.

Видимо, без СПС не обходится ни один серьезный проект лингвистического процессора. В нашей разработке СПС встроена в блок ЛМА. Причина этого – главным образом в быстродействии. Поиск в СПС предполагает частые обращения к ней, а потому требуется высокая эффективность поиска, чего трудно достичь без использования универсальных языков программирования. В нашем случае программное обеспечение СПС написано на Си++.

Структурно СПС состоит из произвольного количества словарей, являющих определенный семантический класс. В каждом из словарей может содержаться произвольное количество словарных записей. Под записью в тривиальном случае понимается термин (однословный или многословный). Однако простыми терминами словарные объекты не ограничиваются – там могут содержаться словарные шаблоны, описывающие группу терминов. Возможности описания словарных шаблонов будут приведены ниже. В настоящее время разработаны более 20 предметных словарей; среди них: «Улицы г. Москвы», «террористические организации», «оружие», «известные личности».

6.1. Требования к предметным словарям.

К СПС, помимо эффективности, предъявляются еще ряд требований, важнейшими из которых являются:

1). Требование множественности. Информационная система может иметь несколько предметных словарей различного содержания, причем число словарей заранее не ограничивается и может динамически пополняться. Общее число словарей может превышать несколько сотен.

2). Требование к объему предметного словаря. Каждый словарь, разумеется, содержит множество записей, список которых может расширяться. В нашей постановке задачи предполагается, что объем словаря не может быть заранее ограничен каким-либо фиксированным числом, а должен быть потенциально неограниченным и определяться только вычислительными мощностями и объемом оперативной памяти и накопителей.

3). Требование к подготовке информации. Подготовка текстового материала для загрузки словаря, естественно, выполняется специалистами в соответствующих предметных областях. Поэтому форма исходного вида словаря должна быть максимально простой.

4). Требование вариативности поиска. Должна быть предусмотрена корректная обработка случаев, когда написание термина в тексте так или иначе не соответствует каноническому виду термина в словаре.

Если первые три требования носят в основном технический характер, то удовлетворить требованию вариативности поиска в условиях естественного языка – задача весьма непростая. Дело не только в том, что термин может стоять в любом из падежей, что не дает возможности напрямую совместить текст с предметным словарем (эта проблема решается с помощью морфологического анализатора). Основная трудность в другом: в социуме имеет хождение множество вариантов употребления одного и того же термина, и указать их все для разработчика предметного словаря является непосильной задачей. Вот примеры.

Как правило, названия улиц записаны в именительном падеже. Например, «проживает по адресу Б. Академическая ул. д.6-18». Иногда встречается дательный падеж: «по Б. Академической». Гораздо более усложняет дело вариативность сокращений и перестановки слов. Например, канонический вид названия одной из улиц Москвы – «Щипковский 1-й пер.». Однако, встречаются в текстах написания: «1-й Щипковский пер.», «1-ый Щипковский переулок», «п-к 1-вый Щипковский» и другие варианты. Отметим, что возможна не только перестановка и вариативное написание слов, но и выпадение или добавление слов. Например, «Туполева Академика наб.» может быть названа как «набережная Туполева», а «Тихий туп.» иногда добавляют пояснение «ул. Тихий туп.». Кроме того, некоторые сокращения, применяемые авторами текстов, далеко не однозначны. Например «С.» может означать «Северный» или «Старый»; «Б.» может означать «Большой», а может быть сокращением имени, например «ул. Б. Галушкина».

6.2. Возможности предметных словарей.

Подключение новых словарей может значительно усилить ЛП в плане выделения объектов. Однако для того чтобы словари в самом деле стали действенным и удобным механизмом, необходимо, чтобы они обладали рядом нетривиальных возможностей.

В нашей версии СПС реализованы несколько таких возможностей.

Во-первых, идентификация термина в любом числе и падеже. Например, если в словаре есть термин «программный продукт», то в тексте будут распознаваться и соответствующим образом идентифицироваться термины «программного продукта», «программных продуктов» и т.д. Распознавание выполняет программное обеспечение системы предметных словарей, использующее блок морфологического анализа.

Во-вторых, допускается несколько вариантов написания одного и того же термина. Дело в том, что средствах СМИ и многих других текстах пользуются различными вариантами именования одного и того же объекта, в том числе сокращенным описанием. Например, если в тексте встретилось Путин, Меркель, президент Франции и т.д., то понятно, о ком идет речь. Для приведения таких словосочетаний к стандартному виду в словари введена специальная запись. Например, в словаре ФИО может иметь место запись:

Меркель Ангела

= Ангела Меркель

= А. Меркель

= Меркель

В данном примере основной термин - «Меркель Ангела». К нему будут приводиться все остальные написания этого имени, записанные после символа «=». Эта возможность особенно эффективна при выявлении не только ФИО известных деятелей, но и названий организаций (включая их сокращения), географических названий и др. При этом блок ССА осуществляет дополнительную фильтрацию, например, когда в тексте несколько лиц с фамилией Меркель или рядом со словом Меркель стоит какое-либо имя, не представленное в предметном словаре.

В-третьих, в предметные словари введена возможность описания группы терминов, у которых лишь первое слово фиксировано, а остальные могут быть описаны с помощью совокупности признаков (лексических и морфологических). Реализованы, так называемые, словарные шаблоны. Например, в словаре допустима строка:

заведующий {NOUN,КЕМ}

Такая запись в словаре профессий означает, что подходящими под этот шаблон терминами могут быть все словосочетания, начинающиеся со слова «заведующий», за которым идёт существительное (NOUN) в творительном падеже (КЕМ): «заведующий складом», «заведующий библиотеками» и т.д. Кроме того, в качестве шаблона можно употреблять имя другого (или того же самого) словаря. Это дает возможность точнее указывать те варианты, которые допускает шаблон. Фактически на словари возлагаются элементы синтаксического анализа, позволяющие значительно уменьшить количество записей в словаре, а также облегчить работу блока ССА.

В-четвертых, имеется возможность управлять лексическим и морфологическим анализами в процессе распознавания терминов словарей. Так, например, в словаре террористических организаций может быть указано:

Организация эта\

= ЭТА\!

Это означает, что, благодаря признаку «\», слово «эта» в процессе идентификации морфологическому анализу не подвергается (т.е. его каноническая форма совпадает с написанием). И, кроме того, благодаря признаку «!» идентификация совершается, если в тексте слово «ЭТА» записано прописными буквами. Эти возможности позволяют повысить точность распознавания, отсеивая ложные вхождения.

Отметим, что язык записи терминов в словарях чрезвычайно прост. Термин пишется в своей канонической форме на отдельной строке (включая, разумеется, указанные выше. дополнительные возможности). Поэтому ввод новых терминов или даже создание новых словарей может быть выполнено пользователем или оператором-лингвистом, не знакомым с особенностями работы ЛП.

Помимо указанных возможностей имеется еще ряд специальных операторов настройки, позволяющих управлять идентификацией терминов для тех или иных словарей.

7. Пространственные структуры

Текст ЕЯ – это сложный структурный объект, который в процессе его формализации проходит множество уровней преобразования. На первом уровне работает блок ЛМА, который формирует РСС, называемую пространственной структурой текста (ПС-текста). Далее следуют преобразования, осуществляемые блоком ССА, которые приводят к формированию семантической структуры (СС-текста) для БЗ.

Рассмотрим особенности ПС-текста. Информация об абзацах и предложениях представляется в виде фрагмента SENT, с помощью которого представляется:

– позиция первого слова предложения относительно начала входного потока;

– признак начала абзаца и количество разделительных строк;

– номер строки, на которой расположено первое слово предложения.

Для каждого слова (и для каждого варианта его разбора) блок выдает фрагменты типа LR, задающих последовательность слов. В каждом из фрагментов представлено:: нормализованное слово и его порядковый номер. Далее следуют его признаки. Вот некоторые из них: NAME0 – слово начинается с прописной буквы, HEAD_ – слово полностью состоит из прописных букв, NAME1 – инициалы, POINT – пункт, HEAD_1 – слово с прописной буквой, NUM) – целое число, NUM_F – число с дробной частью, ENGL – слово из букв латинского алфавита, WEB_C – URL (адрес Интернет), MAIL_E – адрес электронной почты, FIRST_ – признак первого слова на новой строке, LETT – слово из одной буквы и т.д. (морфологические и семантические признаки).

Фрагменты типа LR и SENT вместе с выделенными признаками - это семантическая сеть (РСС), которая в дальнейшем проходит множество уровней преобразования, осуществляемое блоком ССА.

В общем случае блок ЛМА выдает несколько вариантов разбора. Эта ситуация является весьма типичной. Например, слово «стекло» является и существительным и глаголом. Тогда в ПС-текста, помимо фрагмента LR для первого варианта разбора, генерируются фрагменты LD (с их признаками) для других вариантов. Отсев вариантов осуществляется блоком ССА в процессе обработки ПС-текста и построения семантической структуры [12,14].

8. Средства параметрической настройки

Опираясь на опыт построения ЛП для различных предметных областей (см. п.3), чтобы постоянно учитывать все новые особенности текстовой типологии, в блок ЛМА были введены средства управления лексико-морфологическим анализом, названые средствами параметрической настройки. Эти средства относятся к ЛЗ и размещаются в отдельном файле. Они имеют вид списков, оформленных в виде фрагментов РСС со своими именами. Имена играют роль операторов и определяют вид анализа.

Всего реализовано 27 типов фрагментов. Из них 18 относится к блоку лексического анализа, 5 – блоку морфологического анализа и 4 – предметным словарям.

Лексическое оформление текста – один из самых вариативных аспектов, сильно меняющихся от задачи к задаче. В связи с этим аппарат лексической настройки потребовал значительного развития в плане разработки новых операторов (заданных в виде фрагментов). Рассмотрим их, разделив операторы на смысловые группы.

8.1. Средства идентификации начала и конца предложения.

* Если слово, указанное во фрагменте NEW_SENT, записано в тексте с прописной буквы и находится в начале строки, то оно рассматривается как начало нового предложения.

* Если в тексте встречается одно из слов (символов, знаков), указанных во фрагменте END_SENT, то оно считается концом предложения.

* Фрагмент ABBR задает список сокращений с точками на конце, которые считаются цельными словами и точки не рассматриваются как конец предложения

* Фрагмент SEPARATOR задает символы, которые всегда являются разделителями слов.

8.2. Средства для замены или удаления некорректных символов или слов.

* Фрагменты LETTER_CH и WORD_BAD задают замены (или удаление) нежелательных слов или знаков в тексте.

* Фрагменты BEG_SYMB задают набор удаляемых знаков в начале слова, а END_SYMB – в конце.

8.3. Средства унификации и синонимичных замен.

* Фрагмент SYNON задает список синонимичных слов, которые заменяются на слово из первой позиции.

* Фрагмент TERMIN_ заменяет слова, записанные на второй и последующих позициях, на слово в первой позиции.

* Фрагмент SIGN_MANY задает повторяющиеся символы, следующие один за другим (например, набор черточек) на один символ (черточку).

8.4. Средства настройки морфологического анализатора.

* Фрагмент MORF определяет генерацию морфологических признаков слова в виде фрагментов ПС-текста.

* Фрагмент NOMO задает список слов, для которых устанавливается запрет на нормализацию и морфологический анализ.

* Фрагмент NOMOE задает для слов дополнительные признаки, которые вставляются в ПС-текста.

Это необходимый набор операторов, без которых (как оказалось) трудно обеспечить качественный лексико-морфологический анализ многих текстов ЕЯ, и следовательно, качественную работу всего объектно-ориентированного ЛП.

Заключение

В данной статье рассмотрены особенности блока лексико-морфологического анализа, используемого в объектно-ориентированных лингвистических процессорах (ЛП) при формализации текстов ЕЯ, т.е. для извлечения из них информационных объектов, признаков и связей. Блок обладает уникальными возможностями, с помощью которых обеспечивается устойчивая и качественная работа ЛП при обработке массивов документов на ЕЯ в различных предметных областях: «Криминалистика», «Резюме», «Терроризм», «Памятники культуры» и др.

Литература

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2. Кузнецов И.П., Шарнин М.М. Продукционный язык программирования ДЕКЛ. Сб. Система обработки декларативных структур знаний Деклар-2// ИПИ РАН, 1988.

3. Кузнецов И.П., Шарнин М.М. Интеллектуальный редактор знаний на основе расширенных семантических сетей// Сб. Системы и средства информатики. Вып.5. М. Наука, 1993.

4. Кузнецов И.П. Гипертекстовые технологии на семантической основе// Сб. Системы и средства информатики. Вып.7. М. Наука, 1995.

5. Любушкина Л.А., Михеев А.С., Соловьева Н.С., Сомин Н.В., Фрейдлин И.Я. LOG - программа, ведущая диалог на естественном языке.// Вторая всесоюзная конференция по ИИ "ВКИИ-90". Минск: Центрпрограммсистем, 1990.

6. Карунин А.Б., Соловьева Н.С., Сомин Н.В. ЭССЕИСТ - программа, ведущая диалог с базой знаний на естественном языке. // В кн.: Социальная информатика-93 / Сб. научн. трудов под ред. Колина К.К. и Суслакова Б.А. -М., 1993. -С. 168-174

7. Сомин Н.В., Соловьева Н.С., Шарнин М.М. Система морфологического анализа: опыт эксплуатации и модификации// Системы и средства информатики, Вып. 15, 2005, стр. 20-30.

8. Кузнецов В.П. Автоматическое выявление из документов значимой информации с помощью шаблонных слов и контекста// Труды межд. Семинара Диалог 98? Т.2. Казань: ООО «Хетер» 1998.

9. Кузнецов И.П. Методы обработки сводок с выделением особенностей фигурантов и происшествий// Труды межд. Семинара Диалог 99. Т.2. Тарусса, 1999.

10. Кузнецов И.П., Кузнецов В.П., Мацкевич А.Г. Система выявления из документов значимой информации на основе лингвистических знаний в форме семантических сетей// Труды межд. Семинара Диалог 2000. Т.2. Протвино, 2000.

11. Кузнецов И.П. Лингвистический процессор для автоматического выявления из текстов значимой информации с ее компоновкой в рамках указанных шаблонов// Труды международного семинара Диалог-2001. Том 2. Протвино, Наука, 2001.

12. Kuznetsov Igor, Matskevich Andrey. System for Extracting Semantic Information from Natural Language Text// Труды международного семинара Диалог-2002 по компьютерной лингвистике и ее приложениям. Том 2. Протвино, Наука, 2002.

13. Кузнецов И.П., Мацкевич А.Г. Особенности организации базы предметных и лингвистических знаний в системе АНАЛИТИК// Труды конференции Диалог-2003. Протвино, 11-16.06 2003, стр. 373-378.

14. Igor Kuznetsov, Elena Kozerenko. The system for extracting semantic information from natural language texts// Proceeding of International Conference on Machine Learning. MLMTA-03, Las Vegas US, 23-26 June 2003, с. 75-80.

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16. Кузнецов И.П., Мацкевич А.Г. Семантико-ориентированный лингвистический процессор для автоматической формализации автобиографических данных// Труды международной конференции "Диалог 2006", Бекасово, 2006, стр. 317-322.

17. Кузнецов И.П., Мацкевич А.Г. Семантико-ориентированные системы на основе баз знаний (монография)// М.: МТУСИ, 2007 г.,173с.

18. Кузнецов И.П. Сомин Н.В. Англо-русская система извлечения знаний из потоков информации в среде Интернет// Сб. ИПИ РАН, 2007 г.

19. Кузнецов И.П. Объектно-ориентированная система, основанная на знаниях в виде XML-представлений// Сб. ИПИ РАН, Вып.18. 2008 г., стр. 96-118

20. Kuznetsov I.P., Kozerenko E.B. Linguistic Рrocessor “Semantix” for Knowledge extraction from natural texts in Russia and English// Proceeding of International Conference on Machine Learning, ISAT-2008. 14-18 July,

21. Segalovich I. "A fast morphological algorithm with unknown word guessing included by a dictionary for a web search engine// MLMTA-2003. http://download.yandex.ru/company/iseg-las-vegas.pdf

22. А Коваленко. Вероятностный морфологический анализатор русского и украинского языков// http://www.keva.ru/stemka/stemka.html

23. А. В. Сокирко. Морфологические модули на сайте www.aot.ru. Диалог-2004. Верхневолжский, 2-7 июня 2004 г. http://www.aot.ru/docs/sokirko/Dialog2004.htm

24. И. Сегалович, М. Маслов. Русский морфологический анализ и синтез с генерацией моделей словоизменения для не описанных в словаре слов // Диалог'98, Казань, ООО "Хэтер", 1998. http://download.yandex.ru/company/DLG98-MM2.pdf

[[Image:Pic1.png]]

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Пример1

Michael — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 08:42:16 GMT

Summary:

Здравствуйте,

это пример первого проекта.

Бесплатно!!!

Glossary of Ownership Types

Michael — Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:51:15 GMT

Summary:

==AMERICA==

America is a country that was founded on the idea that citizens have rights.
[http://www.loyno.edu/history/journal/Meredith.htm]

America is one nation under a [[Constitution]].
[http://www.ffrf.org/nontracts/xian.php]

America was a majority homeowning country by 1950, and today fully seven out of ten families own the house they live in.
[http://www.taemag.com/issues/articleID.18401/article_detail.asp]

America was different.
[http://mediamatters.org/items/200604260019]

America was founded on an idea known as "natural rights," at least as part of our founding myth.
[http://www.deanesmay.com/posts/1109920567.shtml]

==AUTHORS==

[[Authors]] are advised that no revisions of the manuscript can be made after acceptance by the Editor for publication.
[http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/admin/collmanagement/authors.html]

[[Authors]] are also encouraged to deposit materials used in their studies to the appropriate repositories for distribution to researchers.
[http://www.neuron.org/misc/authors.shtml]

[[Authors]] are available for print or broadcast interviews.
[http://www.virginiainstitute.org/viewpoint/2005_04_2.html]

[[Authors]] are encouraged in addition to consult reporting guidelines relevant to their specific research design.
[http://www.icmje.org]

[[Authors]] are encouraged to provide HTML versions of the paper, as well as electronic forms of any applicable data sets or executable code.
[http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/jmlr/author-info.html]

[[Authors]] are encouraged to set up a hot-link from their home page to the abstract of their paper published in the online journal.
[http://www.biochemj.org/bj/bji2a.htm]

[[Authors]] are entitled to a minimum of 2 [[authors]]' copies of foreign editions.
[http://www.sfwa.org/contracts/bor.htm]

[[Authors]] are expected to submit manuscripts, disks, and art that are free from error.
[http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/admin/collmanagement/authors.html]

[[Authors]] are in the king position.
[http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/ListArchives/0508/msg00073.html]

[[Authors]] are paid on the basis of a royalty from sales of their book.
[http://libr.org/isc/authors/chandos.html]

[[Authors]] are permitted to post the title and abstract of their articles on any web site.
[http://www.qjps.com/qjps/faq.html]

[[Authors]] are responsible for ensuring that a blind review process can take place.
[http://www.aota.org/ajot/authguide.asp]

[[Authors]] are responsible for incorporating any revisions requested by reviewers or editors into a new digital version of the manuscript.
[http://www.issd.org/indexpage/jtdauthorsinfo.html]

[[Authors]] are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyrighted material from other sources.
[http://www.aaap.org/journal/instructions.html]

[[Authors]] are responsible for the accuracy to their references.
[http://www.biologicalprocedures.com/bpo/general/authors.htm]

[[Authors]] are responsible for the contents of their papers, including changes made by the copy editor.
[http://www.sivb.org/pubs_a_infoForAuthors.asp]

[[Authors]] are the product of an economic system, not the product of creative minds.
[http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/future/dissertation/Chapter1.html]

[[Authors]] are thus compelled to publish and to accept humiliating conditions.
[http://www.ukcle.ac.uk/copyright/other_critiques.html]

[[Authors]] are to include in electronic courses and scholarly web sites only those texts and other materials in which they hold copyright.
[http://www.bc.edu/offices/policies/meta-elements/doc/policies/IV/4-200-150.shtml]

[[Authors]] are to reply and offer their views within fourteen (14) days of receiving notification from the University.
[http://www.bc.edu/offices/policies/meta-elements/doc/policies/IV/4-200-150.shtml]

==BOOK==

The book is a history of modern global power, but Mandelbaum's analysis includes no individual heroes or leaders.
[http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/about/goliath.jsp]

The book is a vital contribution to writing the real history of the revolution.
[http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/russia/sp001861/bolintro.html]

The book is an excellent source for key facts about just about every gun control issue.
[http://www.saf.org/pub/rkba/books/dfn-ch01.txt]

The book is an important one in the professor's field that she needs for her research.
[http://www.usg.edu/legal/copyright]

The book was an epic of combat between good and evil, and appealed strongly to Hippies. Combat? Yes, Hippies had an aggressive side.
[http://www.stromian.com/copyleft.htm]

==CAPITALISM==

Capitalism is a social system based on the principle of individual rights.
[http://www.capitalism.org]

Capitalism is a social system based on the recognition of individual rights, including property rights, in which all property is privately owned.
[http://snow.prohosting.com/rights/indexphilo.htm]

Capitalism is one of the two things all anarchists oppose.
[http://www.anarchistfaq.de/secB3.html]

Capitalism is the great leveller of the working class, the great abolisher of individuality.
[http://www.socialisthistory.com/Docs/PreWWI/SPC-1910%20Manifesto.htm]

Capitalism is the political manifestation of the human condition: We are free to do good or evil, and in society we need to keep this in mind.
[http://www.libertyhaven.com/personalfreedomissues/freespeechorcivilliberties/defenseproperty.shtml]

Capitalism is the product of those who practice it.
[http://www.dfn.org/EconomicFreedom_.shtml]

Capitalism was tamed by the communist culture long ago.
[http://afronord.tripod.com/amer/war.html]

==CITIZENS==

Citizens are entitled to submit complaints and petitions.
[http://www.novexcn.com/dprk_constitution_98.html]

Citizens are free to engage in scientific, literary and artistic pursuits.
[http://www.novexcn.com/dprk_constitution_98.html]

Citizens are free to pursue personal endeavors free from governmental supervision or restrictions.
[http://www.gnmagazine.org/issues/gn22/rights_columbine.htm]

Citizens are guaranteed freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, demonstration and association.
[http://www.novexcn.com/dprk_constitution_98.html]

Citizens are guaranteed inviolability of the person and the home and privacy of correspondence.
[http://www.novexcn.com/dprk_constitution_98.html]

Citizens are organized in small groups (8 to 12 people) who meet at their convenience over a three week period, three or four times a year.
[http://www.mrsc.org/Publications/textsrcg.aspx]

==CLAIMS==

Claims are a series of statements, which recite the invention in the most general way possible.
[http://www.licr.org/C_news/newslink/0403/0403_OIP.html]

Claims are either "independent" or "dependent." An independent claim is simply a claim which does not refer back to another claim.
[http://www.slwk.com/CM/IPPapers/IPPapers20.asp]

Claims are filled from the original request. If your library makes the decision to send a duplicate claim, please identify it as DUPLICATE.
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/fdlp/pubs/adnotes/ad112597.html]

==COLLECTIVE OWNERSHIP==

[[Collective ownership]] is a growing phenomenon in the United States, and worker-owned firms are now an integral part of the American economic landscape.
[http://www.tempcity.com/dramanyc/index.php?showtopic=2619]

[[Collective ownership]] is like this.
[http://www.xp123.com/xplor/xp0206a/index.shtml]

[[Collective ownership]] is the practice of saying that the whole team owns the code jointly, so any pair can improve any part at any time.
[http://www.xp123.com/xplor/xp0206a/index.shtml]

==COLLECTIVE PROPERTY==

[[Collective property]] is a different idea: here the community as a whole determines how important resources are to be used.
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/property]

[[Collective property]] is a form of property over means of production.
[http://ns.goobergunch.net/wiki/index.php/Constantinopolis]

[[Collective property]] is what [[private property]], capital, and the means of production are in capitalist societies.
[http://ns.goobergunch.net/wiki/index.php/Halladi_Socialism]

==COMMON-PROPERTY==

Many [[common-property]] regimes do efficiently regulate the joint use and management of a resource.
[www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp66dWinterSpring2003p111.htm]

Selected case studies support the [[authors]]' argument that ecological sustainability can be achieved under [[common-property]] resource management regimes.
[www.idrc.ca/fr/ev-3230-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html]

==COMMONS==

A "commons" is any resource that is shared by a community.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

A commons is a place, a real physical space or an more ephermal information space, that is not privately owned.
[http://www.publicknowledge.org/resources/introductions]

The commons is a general term for shared resources in which each stakeholder has an equal interest.
[http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/cprdef.html]

The commons was a metaphor for the whole world and the resources it provided.
[http://infochangeindia.org/IPR_article13.jsp]

The commons was both an essential part of everyday living and a backup system maintained in reserve.
[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/X2104E/X2104E03.htm]

==COMMON PROPERTY==

Common Property is any land or space that is not within a unit.
[http://www.gillmanbodycorp.co.nz]

Common property is a case in which property rights simply do not exist.
[http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa113.html]

Common property is a chosen structure, not inherent.
[http://www.msu.edu/course/prm/201/case-book/1-4cb201.htm]

Common property is a formal or informal property regime that allocates a bundle of rights to a group.
[http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/cprdef.html]

Common property is a property that is owned by all; nobody in a country can be excluded from the [[ownership]] and authority over that property.
[http://www.stwr.net/content/view/810/37]

Common property is a resource that is either owned by no-one, or owned by a collective or the state.
[http://homepages.paradise.net.nz/castro/ch2.html]

Common property is a third category of [[ownership]].
[http://www.ngoblog.fi/2006/10/property_rights.html]

Common property is one important way of ensuring that communities have the confident expectation of long-term use of the land.
[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/x7069t/x7069t03.htm]

Here the term "common property" becomes almost synonymous with "community-based tenure system" or the older "communal land tenure".
[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/x7069t/x7069t03.htm]

The particular aspect which this paper considers is the understanding and interpretation of the term "common property" among two important groups of people.
[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/113/2004/00000022/00000001/art00001]

==COMPANIES==

Companies are buying the words used in search engines, leaving open the possibility that our language itself may be open for acquisition.
[http://www.apa.udel.edu/apa/archive/newsletters/v97n1/computers/econ.asp]

Companies are increasingly supporting Linux as over other operating systems.
[http://www.indlegal.com/Copyright.htm]

Companies are invoiced by their Knowledge Base Partners, normally quarterly.
[http://www.ktponline.org.uk/research/funding.html]

Companies are noting that it is getting harder to find employees who have the computer and technology-related expertise that is needed for high-paying jobs.
[http://www.eff.org/Infrastructure/Govt_docs/gii_access_032095_vtf_doc_irving.speech]

Companies are often unwilling to license new products that cost more - matter how good they are.
[http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/may96/inventors.html]

The companies are required to develop and market the invention.
[http://www.ucop.edu/raohome/cgmanual/chap11.html]

The companies are suing the [[government]] in a landmark case that centres on [[patent]] rights and the cost of medicines in poorer countries.
[http://www.rte.ie/news/2001/0418/aids.html]

==COMPILATION==

A [[compilation]] is a group of works whose arrangement is sufficiently unique to be copyrighted as a work itself.
[http://www.publicknowledge.org/resources/introductions]

[[Compilation]] - A [[compilation]] is a collection of previously released tracks by one or more artists.
[http://musicbrainz.org/doc/ReleaseAttribute]

[[Compilation]] is the second pass.
[http://eewww.eng.ohio-state.edu/~juodvalk/ee281/compile]

The [[Compilation]] is a work-in-progress.
[http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/discom01.htm]

The [[compilation]] is a genre-hopping mix of rock, pop, electronic, folk, blues, &c —a fittingly diverse analog for Metafilter itself.
[http://www.meficomp.com/faq]

The [[compilation]] is a sequence of five phases.
[http://www.cri.ensmp.fr/~pips/poly_meth.html]

The [[compilation]] is a wonderful representation of the many forms of jazz.
[http://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/7/prweb406617.htm]

==CONSTITUTION==

A [[Constitution]] is a written document which sets out how an organisation or group works.
[http://www.unity.uk.com/index.cfm?itemid=3597]

A [[constitution]] is a plan that provides the rules for a [[government]].
[http://members.tripod.com/mr_sedivy/usgovt3.html]

A [[constitution]] is a set of laws on how a country is governed.
[http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/british_constitution1.htm]

A [[constitution]] is a system, often codified in a written document, which establishes the rules and principles by which an organization is governed.
[http://www.arikah.net/encyclopedia/Constitution]

A [[constitution]] is the framework for the [[government]]. A main body sets out a plan.
[http://members.tripod.com/mr_sedivy/usgovt3.html]

The [[Constitution]] is a “living document” whose meaning changes over time.
[http://www.myheritage.org/Issues/MythBusters/ConstitutionAlive.asp]

The [[Constitution]] is a grant of authority from We the People to form a [[government]].
[http://www.pushhamburger.com/what_is_a_republic.htm]

The [[Constitution]] is a living force.
[http://www.usconstitution.com]

The [[Constitution]] is a plan for [[government]].
[http://www.mcwdn.org/GOVERNMENT/Constitution.html]

The [[Constitution]] is a sacred social compact, forged between the [[government]] and the people, between each individual and the rest of the citizenry.
[http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2006/oct/27/yehey/opinion/20061027opi6.html]

The [[Constitution]] is a strong document, more powerful than any branch of [[government]] or any state.
[http://bensguide.gpo.gov/3-5/documents/constitution/about.html]

The [[Constitution]] is a written contract between the sovereign people and their [[government]].
[http://www.lewrockwell.com/reese/reese223.html]

The [[Constitution]] is the Supreme Law of the United States; however, it has its philosophical roots in the Declaration of Independence.
[http://www.ashbrook.org/publicat/respub/v8n2/rankin.html]

The [[Constitution]] is the Supreme Law, one designed to enforce the principles in the Declaration of Independence.
[http://www.ashbrook.org/publicat/respub/v8n2/rankin.html]

The [[Constitution]] is the cornerstone of all legislation and exercise of public power.
[http://www.om.fi/21910.htm]

The [[Constitution]] is the grant of authority for the [[government]].
[http://www.wealth4freedom.com/Republic.html]

The [[Constitution]] is the landmark legal document of the United States.
[http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution]

The [[Constitution]] is the supreme law of the land.
[http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/index.htm]

The [[Constitution]] is the written document.
[http://www.constitution.org/cons/prin_cons.htm]

The [[Constitution]] was created to spell out the limited rights or powers given to the federal [[government]].
[http://www.harrybrowne.org/articles/PrivacyRight.htm]

==CONVENTION==

Convention is another word for a treaty and forms part of international law.
[http://www.tchrd.org/publications/topical_reports/guide_to_human_rights-1999]

It is unthinkable that the [[authors]] would use the word "convention" in bad faith, trying to put one over the reader.
[http://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/y2003/Jasaymyth.html]

The Convention was passed and opened for ratification in February, 1985. At that time twenty nations signed, and five more signed within the month.
[http://www.hrweb.org/legal/undocs.html]

The Convention was to have entered into force for the USSR on April 1, 1992. Prior to that date, the USSR dissolved.
[http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/06.txt]

The convention was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1984 and came into force three years later, when it was ratified by most members of the world body.
[http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/human-rights]

==COPYLEFT==

[[Copyleft]] is a subset of copyright.
[lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/cc-licenses/2005-February/001596.html]

[[Copyleft]] is a name for a type of license.
[simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft]

[[Copyleft]] is a method of copyright licensing.
[www.crynwr.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-cgi/3/1657]

==COPYRIGHT==

A copyright is a federally granted right which protects the author's particular expression of an idea.
[http://www.lfiplaw.com/articles/convenants_not_to_compete_in_ip_transactions.htm]

A copyright is a grant by the United States of exclusive rights over the writings of an author, and includes software.
[http://www.uth.tmc.edu/otm/forms/iphand.htm]

A copyright is a grant by the United States of exclusive rights over the writings of an author, including software.
[http://www.uta.edu/ra/otm/handbook.htm]

A copyright is a legal designation that gives the [[authors]] of a piece of [[intellectual property]] some exclusive rights to their work.
[http://home.comcast.net/~cassarole/atmfaq/copyright.htm]

A copyright is a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work.
[http://www.answers.com/topic/copyright]

A copyright is a valuable piece of property worth securing and protecting.
[http://www.baypatents.com/copyright.asp]

A copyright is like [[personal property]], and some or all rights may be assigned to another.
[http://www.georgiaip.org/faq.html]

A copyright is the only way to protect the expression of ideas, and attaches to fixed expression automatically.
[http://www.patentsavers.com/copyrights.htm]

A copyright is the [[ownership]] and control of the [[intellectual property]] in original works of authorship, which is subject to copyright law.
[http://www.dri.edu/ResearchSupport/techtransferpolicy.htm]

A copyright is the protection given by the United States [[government]] to [[authors]] and artists of literary and artistic works.
[http://www.lapl.org/resources/guides/copyrights.html]

A copyright is the right (as in right granted by a [[government]]) of an author to prevent a third party from copying their original work without a license.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Copyleft]

A copyright is the set of exclusive legal rights [[authors]] have over their works for a limited period of time.
[http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/copyright/ownership.html]

Copyright is a Western European idea widely codified towards the end of the 1700s, and until the 1900s only applied to written literary works.
[http://shearer.org/Open_Content_Licensing_Mess]

Copyright is a legal guarantee of a monopoly of the right to copy a particular work, originally intended for the benefit of the author of the work.
[http://shearer.org/Open_Content_Licensing_Mess]

Copyright is a legal, as opposed to a natural or equitable right, and every text on rights I have read says that legal rights cannot be abandoned.
[http://www.derkeiler.com/Newsgroups/sci.crypt/2003-08/0912.html]

Copyright is a limited monopoly granted by a statute enacted by Congress.
[http://www.usg.edu/legal/copyright]

Copyright is a matter of fairness to [[authors]], they argue. [[Authors]] own their creations and therefore should be free to control them.
[http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue8_10/ewing]

Copyright is a negative right, in the sense that it prevents another person from copying the author's work.
[http://www.indlegal.com/Copyright.htm]

Copyright is a relatively minor set of rights for the Public to surrender, and so the duration can be longer than [[Patent]] durations.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

Copyright is a set of exclusive rights regulating the use of a particular expression of an idea or information.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright]

Copyright is a specific form of [[intellectual property]] protection that protects only the expression of an idea, but not the idea itself.
[http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/RSA/Investment/Intellectual/ipguide.html]

==COPYRIGHTS==

[[Copyrights]] are a hot topic today [see Boardwatch magazine's story about copyright/protection issues], and it's always better to be safe than sorry.
[http://webdeveloper.com/drweb/19990215-drweb.html]

[[Copyrights]] are a restricted bundle of rights, which means the author cannot prohibit all uses of a work, but only those for which he has exclusive rights.
[http://www.consumersdigitalrights.org/cms/faq_en.php]

[[Copyrights]] are about the [[ownership]] of the artistic expression of an idea but not the idea itself or facts in the creative work.
[http://library.thinkquest.org/J001570/Copyrightinfo.html]

[[Copyrights]] are actually a bundle of rights.
[http://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/manage/retain_copyrights.html]

[[Copyrights]] are also created and governed by federal law.
[http://www.meyner.com/CM/CreditorsRights-Bankruptcy/Articles18.asp]

[[Copyrights]] are another form of protecting [[intellectual property]].
[http://cs.furman.edu/digitaldomain/themes/copyrights/copyright.html]

[[Copyrights]] are better than the Ergs, but nobody touches Bottlerocket in that department.
[http://www.punknews.org/article/18897]

[[Copyrights]] are defined by the Berne Convention, the [[WIPO]], and in the US by the Consitution and subsequent laws.
[http://home.comcast.net/~cassarole/atmfaq/copyright.htm]

[[Copyrights]] are designed to protect artistic works, i.e., works that have no utility.
[http://www.baypatents.com/copyright.asp]

[[Copyrights]] are different from [[patents]] and [[trademarks]].
[http://www.patpro.com/copyrights.html]

[[Copyrights]] are generally enforced by the holder in a civil law court, but there are also criminal infringement statutes.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright]

[[Copyrights]] are generally enforced by the owner in a civil law court, but there are also criminal infringement statutes.
[http://www.danataschner.com/copyrights.html]

[[Copyrights]] are granted for the term of the life of the author and an additional 50 years.
[http://www.hsc.unt.edu/research/researchoffice/ip_guidebook.html]

[[Copyrights]] are legal protection offered to [[authors]] of creative and intellectual works. This protection is available for both published and unpublished works.
[http://musicians.about.com/library/weekly/copyrights/blcopyrights2.htm]

[[Copyrights]] are not limited to the real world, they also apply to the Internet.
[http://www.boogiejack.com/copyband.html]

[[Copyrights]] are not only on MIDI files, but on graphics, logos, and [[trademarks]].
[http://goinside.com/98/12/copyr.html]

[[Copyrights]] are not renewable.
[http://www.iandiorio.com/primervii.html]

[[Copyrights]] are obtained the moment that you render a work (such as a book, musical composition or form of art) into its final form.
[http://www.northnet.org/nca/guide/page25.html]

[[Copyrights]] are protected in most countries through national laws and international treaties.
[http://www.patentstation.com/mdm/p104.htm]

[[Copyrights]] are registered by the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress.
[http://digitalenterprise.org/ip/ip.html]

==CORPORATION==

A Corporation is a more complex business structure.
[http://access.wa.gov/business/checklist/checklist1.aspx]

A corporation is a business structure created and regulated by state law.
[http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/corporation-lawyers.html]

A corporation is a legal entity distinct from its shareholders.
[http://www.gowlings.com/dbic/faqs/index.asp?heading=business]

A corporation is a separate legal entity which exists under the authority granted by either provincial or federal law.
[http://www.canadaone.com/magazine/ask-the-expert10.html]

Instead of the term "corporation", the term "title holder" is frequently also used.
[http://www.freshpatents.com/Method-and-system-for-financing-home-ownership-dt20060518ptan20060106632.php?type=description]

==EMINENT DOMAIN==

[[EMINENT DOMAIN]] - The [[government]]'s right to acquire [[private property]] for public use.
[http://www.lectlaw.com/def/e007.htm]

[[EMINENT DOMAIN]] IS A NATIONAL PLAGUE.
[http://www.sbeminentdomainabuse.com]

[[Eminent domain]] is a despotic power.
[http://www.heartland.org/PolicyBotTopic.cfm?artTopic=390]

[[Eminent domain]] is a fundamental and necessary municipal power.
[http://www.ci.lenexa.ks.us/governing/EminentDomain.html]

[[Eminent domain]] is a multi-step process, described below. Appendix B contains forms for this process.
[http://www.memun.org/SchoolsProject/html/Resources/Roads/eminent_domain.htm]

[[Eminent domain]] is a municipality’s power to take or acquire [[private property]] and put it to public use, a use the will benefit the entire community.
[http://www.generalcode.com/free2.html]

[[Eminent domain]] is a peculiar area of the law, with very few attorneys having extensive experience.
[http://www.eminentdomainlaw.net/html/handbook4_3.html]

[[Eminent domain]] is a process [[government]] agencies can use to acquire property against the owner's wishes.
[http://www.almanacnews.com/story.php?story_id=2876]

[[Eminent domain]] is a required policy in our modern times.
[http://www.evesun.com/chenango-county/news-stories/2006-10-27/806.htm]

[[Eminent domain]] is a right held by the state and federal [[government]] to take property from its current owner.
[http://www.atlasmortgagecorp.net/literature/Eminent_Domain.htm]

[[Eminent domain]] is a tool.
[http://www.gothamgazette.com/print/1677]

[[Eminent domain]] is an ancient right of [[government]].
[http://www.deanesmay.com/posts/1128665441.shtml]

[[Eminent domain]] is the [[government]]s right to acquire [[private property]] without the property owners consent.
[http://ohioline.osu.edu/als-fact/1000.html]

[[Eminent domain]] is the power of a [[government]] body to take [[private property]] for public use.
[http://www.hud.gov/offices/pih/centers/sac/eminent]

[[Eminent domain]] is the power of [[government]] to take private land for public use.
[http://realestate.findlaw.com/homeownership/home-land-use-zoning/home-land-use-zoning-eminent-domain.html]

[[Eminent domain]] is the power of [[government]] to take [[private property]] for "public use" if the owner is fairly compensated.
[http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-02-19-eminentdomain_x.htm]

[[Eminent domain]] is the power of [[government]] to take [[private property]] for public use.
[http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/issues/eminentdomain.asp]

[[Eminent domain]] is the power of the [[government]] to take [[private property]] for public use.
[http://eminent-domain.lawyers.com]

[[Eminent domain]] was never meant to be used to "revitalize" anything.
[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1522108/posts]

==FREE SOFTWARE==

But proprietary software companies sometimes use the term "free software" to refer to price.
[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html]

Free software is a matter of freedom, not price.
[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html]

Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use software in all the ways that are socially useful.
[http://linuxreviews.org/features/copyright_vs_copyleft]

It was introduced in 1984 by Richard Stallman under name "Free Software" and "[[Copyleft]]".
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

See our list of translations of the term "free software" into various other languages.
[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html]

We prefer the term "free software" because it refers to freedom--something that the term "open source" does not do.
[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html]

==GOVERNMENT==

[[Government]] is a pagan cult.
[famguardian.org/Subjects/LawAndGovt/ChurchVState/GovtPaganCult.htm]

[[Government]] is a monopoly on legal violence and the legal threat of that violence.
[www.strike-the-root.com/4/gregory/gregory23.html]

The [[Government]] is a corporate body heading the executive system of the region.
[www.government.nnov.ru/?id=1465]

==GOVERNMENTS==

[[Governments]] are WFP's principal partners. The Agency consults with national and local authorities at every stage of the planning process.
[http://www.wfp.org/aboutwfp/partners/governments.asp?section=1%E2%8A%82_section=4]

[[Governments]] are allowed to reduce any short term costs through various exceptions, for example to tackle public health problems.
[http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm7_e.htm]

[[Governments]] are also creating their own venture-capital funds to invest directly in small companies.
[http://www1.oecd.org/publications/observer/213/article7_eng.htm]

[[Governments]] are assuming undue authority.
[http://fare.tunes.org/liberty/government_black_magic.html]

[[Governments]] are burdened by the costs of their legacy systems.
[http://www.accenture.com/Countries/Canada/Research_And_Insights/RefiningCustomerService.htm]

[[Governments]] are cause of the world’s water crisis.
[http://www.policynetwork.net/main/press_release.php?pr_id=88]

[[Governments]] are collecting more taxes, without raising income tax, by making the sport of gambling more available and attractive to people.
[http://www.trueconspiracies.com/gambling.htm]

[[Governments]] are encouraging gambling on poker machines & casinos to raise taxes.
[http://www.trueconspiracies.com/gambling.htm]

[[Governments]] are formed in the provinces in much the same way as at the federal level.
[http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/newcomer/fact_06e.html]

[[Governments]] are most important when one country is dealing with another.
[http://clearlyexplained.com/culture/countries/government.html]

[[Governments]] are not known to be the swiftest in using IT to improve business.
[http://www.techweb.com/wire/story/TWB20000619S0010]

[[Governments]] are obliged, under international law, to act as the protectors of universal [[human rights]].
[http://www.tchrd.org/publications/topical_reports/guide_to_human_rights-1999]

[[Governments]] are restricting subdivisions & councils are amalgamating.
[http://www.trueconspiracies.com/gambling.htm]

[[Governments]] are selling their natural resources, hawking for pennies resources that soon will be worth billions of dollars.
[http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm]

[[Governments]] are thus initially beneficial to man and his societies.
[http://www.rationality.net/government.htm]

==GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP==

More importantly, we also assumed that the issue of foreign [[government]][[ ownership]] would only be a short-term problem.
[www.techlawjournal.com/telecom/20000912let.asp]

In this paper we investigate a neglected aspect of financial systems of many countries around the world: [[government]][[ ownership]] of banks.
[ksgnotes1.harvard.edu/Research/wpaper.nsf/rwp/RWP01-016]

==GPL==

GPL was a strong [[Copyleft]], and with the DRM clause it remains so.
[http://linuxlala.net/thoughts/?p=114]

GPL was always about making the freedoms available to all. The intent, purpose, meaning, reasons for the changes in GPLv3 are nothing new.
[http://www.linuxlala.net/thoughts/?cat=3]

The GPL is the foundation stone of free software, and when you change the foundations of any edifice there's a strong risk of structural damage.
[http://business.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,9075-1979080,00.html]

The GPL is the reason why Microsoft is fighting Linux instead of "embracing and extending" it: the license terms prohibit their kind of closed development.
[http://linuxtoday.com/stories/6641_flat.html]

The GPL was created by Richard Stallman in order to protect GNU software from being made proprietary.
[http://searchopensource.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,290660,sid39_gci1001120,00.html]

The GPL was created by Stallman in order to protect GNU software from being made proprietary.
[http://searchopensource.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid39_gci1159406,00.html]

==HUMAN RIGHTS==

[[Human Rights]] are also about the prevention of the misuse of power.
[http://www.tchrd.org/publications/topical_reports/guide_to_human_rights-1999]

[[Human Rights]] are universal, and civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights belong to all human beings, including indigenous people.
[http://www.pdhre.org/rights/indigenous.html]

[[Human Rights]]: A decentralist critique, with proposals for reform.
[http://www.chemistrycoach.com/human_rights_organizations.htm]

[[Human rights]] : a selective bibliography by Armins Rusis.
[http://intelligent-internet.info/law/ipr2.html]

[[Human rights]] are a human creation.
[http://www.tchrd.org/publications/topical_reports/guide_to_human_rights-1999]

[[Human rights]] are also not the same as 'natural rights' so I took the reference out.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Human_rights]

[[Human rights]] are an inextricable part of our lives.
[http://www.humanrights.gov.au/hr_explained]

[[Human rights]] are based on respect for the dignity and worth of all human beings and seek to ensure freedom from fear and want.
[http://magnet.undp.org/Docs/policy5.html]

[[Human rights]] are becoming incorporated into many aspects of life; a type of social contract that fulfils people’s aspirations to live in dignity and freedom.
[http://www.tchrd.org/publications/topical_reports/guide_to_human_rights-1999]

[[Human rights]] are best thought of as potential moral guarantees for each human being to lead a minimally good life.
[http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/hum-rts.htm]

[[Human rights]] are both inspirational and practical.
[http://www.lincoln.edu/criminaljustice/hriintroduction.htm]

[[Human rights]] are claims upon society.
[http://www.lincoln.edu/criminaljustice/hr/Introduction.htm]

[[Human rights]] are designed to protect not only the individual but also individuals as members ‘of groups or communities.
[http://www.tchrd.org/publications/topical_reports/guide_to_human_rights-1999]

[[Human rights]] are enshrined in internationally recognised laws such as the Universal Declaration of [[Human Rights]].
[http://www.tchrd.org/publications/topical_reports/guide_to_human_rights-1999]

[[Human rights]] are for everyone, everywhere and at all times.
[http://www.humanrights.gov.au/hr_explained]

[[Human rights]] are founded upon the claim to moral objectivity, whether by appeal to interests or the will.
[http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/hum-rts.htm]

[[Human rights]] are freedoms established by custom or international agreement that impose standards of conduct on all nations.
[http://www.answers.com/topic/human-rights]

[[Human rights]] are inalienable: you cannot lose these rights any more than you can cease being a human being.
[http://www.lincoln.edu/criminaljustice/hr/Introduction.htm]

[[Human rights]] are indivisible, inalienable and universal.
[http://magnet.undp.org/Docs/policy5.html]

[[Human rights]] are international norms that help to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses.
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights-human]

==IDEAS==

Ideas are generally not patentable, although the invention applying the idea is patentable.
[http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/legal/ip.html]

Ideas are not abstract things.
[http://www.whosefreedom.com/browse-book/introduction-to-whose-freedom]

Ideas are not copyrightable -- although a particular expression of an idea probably is.
[http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr280a.shtml]

Ideas are not protected by copyright; only the specific presentation of the ideas is copyrightable.
[http://people.howstuffworks.com/question492.htm]

Ideas are public property, in that no one may be legitimately excluded from their use.
[http://libertariannation.org/a/f53l1.html]

==INDIVIDUALS==

Individuals are by definition the elementary unit to which liberty and responsibility apply.
[http://fare.tunes.org/liberty/government_black_magic.html]

Individuals are empowered by freeing them from dependence on [[government]] handouts and making them [[owners]] instead, in control of their own lives and destinies.
[http://www.cato.org/special/ownership_society]

Individuals are given certain Exclusive Rights to their works for a limited time.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

Individuals are part of a Community.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

Individuals are to be held responsible for these acts whether they were acting in their official capacities or as private individuals.
[http://www.hrweb.org/legal/undocs.html]

Individuals were allowed to claim capital gains from business activities or transactions in shares to a lifetime maximum of $100,000.
[http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~rsexty/ownership_cdn_busi.doc]

==INDIVIDUAL OWNER==

A list of [[individual owner]] operators contact information.
[www.cti.org/directory.shtml]

Each [[individual owner]] has the right to vote in the unit owner’s association as outlined in the association’s bylaws.
[btp.radford.edu/ba/commoninterestrights.html]

==INDIVIDUAL OWNERS==

Individual [[owners]] are another method of chartering.
[http://www.sailing-advisor.com/charter-broker-individual-company.html]

Individual [[owners]] are entitled to four complimentary Day Badges.
[http://www.thirskracecourse.net/ownrstrnrs.htm]

Individual [[owners]] are exempt when dealing for themselves.
[http://www.bertrodgers.com/_realestate/s_licensure.asp]

Individual [[owners]] are represented by the appropriate button.
[http://www.showhorses.com]

Individual [[owners]] are responsible for maintenance inside of their units, for insurance on contents, and for added improvements.
[http://www.sunward.org/place/homes.html]

Individual [[owners]] are responsible for obtaining vet services if needed.
[http://www.jaxevents.com/jacksonvilleequestriancenter/documents/JACKSONVILLEEQUESTRIANCENTERHURRICANEPOLICY_000.doc]

Individual [[owners]] are responsible for the care and maintenance of their locomotives and rolling stock.
[http://www.bpmrs.org.uk/index_files/Page1584.htm]

Individual [[owners]] are responsible for their own units and lots.
[http://mywebpages.comcast.net/jbedford/otherpages/infosheet.htm]

The individual [[owners]] are responsible for circular distribution in their marketing area.
[http://www.shoprite.com/FAQ.aspx]

==INDIVIDUAL OWNERSHIP==

[[Individual ownership]] is a bulwark of our society. If we allow [[government]] to intrude on our personal [[ownership]], who can say where that might end.
[http://www.watchblog.com/democrats/archives/004142.html]

[[Individual ownership]] is the very bedrock of our modern and unprecedentedly affluent society.
[http://www.demographia.com/db-indivown.htm]

==INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY==

[[Individual property]] is also called [[private property]].
[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12462a.htm]

==INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS==

Individual rights are best protected by a collective commitment to mutual respect.
[http://physics.ius.edu/info/CodeofConductSummaryd2.html]

Individual rights are distinct from civil rights as civil rights are rights granted by [[government]] and individual rights are assumed prior to [[government]].
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_rights]

Individual rights are inalienable --which means, they were not transferred to you by anyone or any [[government]].
[http://www.homestead.com/rationalview/IndividualRights.html]

Individual rights are not subject to a public vote; a majority has no right to vote away the rights of a minority.
[http://snow.prohosting.com/rights/indexphilo.htm]

Individual rights are often codified into law so that they may be protected by impartial third parties such as [[governments]].
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_rights]

Individual rights are often seen as naturally compatible with the entrepreneurial independence of fishers.
[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y3427E/y3427e08.htm]

Individual rights are precisely what the UN's declaration is designed to destroy.
[http://capmag.com/article.asp?ID=210]

Individual rights are the means of subordinating society to moral law.
[http://www.capitalismnow.com/Articles.html]

Individual rights are what Westerners usually have in mind -- involving free speech, privacy, [[personal property]], due process.
[http://www.pacificnews.org/jinn/stories/3.19/970917-rights.html]

The Individual Rights are absolute forever.
[http://www.rhfweb.com/rights.html]

The Individual Rights are never and can never be considered semi-absolute or semi inalienable.
[http://www.rhfweb.com/rights.html]

The Individual Rights are the individual rights of every single human being regardless of gender, sexual orientation or color of skin.
[http://www.rhfweb.com/rights.html]

==INNOVATION==

An innovation is an applied invention.
[http://www.innovation.cc/discussion-papers/thoughts-innovation.htm]

An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption.
[http://www.innovation.cc/discussion-papers/thoughts-innovation.htm]

An innovation is the commercially successful use of the solution.
[http://www.innovation.cc/discussion-papers/thoughts-innovation.htm]

An innovation is the development of a solution to a technical or organizational problem.
[http://www.wipo.int/uipc/en/faq.html]

Innovation is a process of taking new ideas through to satisfied customers. It is the conversion of new knowledge into new products and services.
[http://www.1000advices.com/guru/innovation_vk.htm]

Innovation is the conversion of knowledge into money.
[http://www.1000advices.com/guru/innovation_vk.htm]

Innovation is the result of Innovativeness, of being innovative.
[http://www.innovation.cc/discussion-papers/thoughts-innovation.htm]

==INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY==

Also unfortunate in the CDDL is its use of the term "[[intellectual property]]".
[http://www.fsf.org/copyleft]

An [[intellectual property]] is a [[patent]], copyright, trademark, service mark, or trade secret.
[http://www.niu.edu/provost/facpers/appm/I6.htm]

In fact, the term "[[intellectual property]]" is a misnomer, a more correct term would be intellectual monopoly.
[http://www.newsforge.com/trends/04/10/27/189204.shtml]

[[Intellectual Property]] is a broad class of property, similar to 'real estate' (land), and 'chattels' (movable physical goods).
[http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/Intellectual_property]

[[Intellectual Property]] is a complicated subject.
[http://www.otc.utexas.edu/Inventors/Primer.jsp]

[[Intellectual Property]] is a frequently used term without a particularly concrete definition.
[http://www.asil.org/resource/ip1.htm]

[[Intellectual Property]] is a legal, publicly declared grant of a monopolistic position.
[http://www.aurorawdc.com/intellectual_property.htm]

[[Intellectual Property]] is a misuse of language often used to confuse people about their rights and responsibilities.
[http://www.nyfairuse.org]

[[Intellectual Property]] is a rapidly evolving area of law.
[http://www.gardere.com/Practice_Areas_and_Industry_Teams/Practice_Area?id=90]

[[Intellectual Property]] is a valuable corporate asset and a strategic business tool.
[http://www.wipo.int/academy/en/execed/sipm/sipm.html]

[[Intellectual Property]] is an interpretation of these legal systems that puts monetary concerns over all others, including credit and fame.
[http://www.flora.org/flora/server/comnet-www/1597]

[[Intellectual property]] is a broad, broad field, and anyone contemplating a career in this field needs to understand this.
[http://www.bcgsearch.com/crc/ip.html]

[[Intellectual property]] is a category of intangible property which includes [[patents]] and [[copyrights]].
[http://www.dri.edu/ResearchSupport/techtransferpolicy.htm]

[[Intellectual property]] is a creation of the mind.
[http://www.pghtech.org/events/ip.asp]

[[Intellectual property]] is a critical component of your competitive advantage.
[http://www.pghtech.org/events/ip.asp]

[[Intellectual property]] is a dynamic area which endeavours to keep pace with the ever increasing speed with which technology is changing our world.
[http://www.eaglelink.com/law-review/sp97/1sp97.html]

[[Intellectual property]] is a generic term which encompasses all expressions of human creativity.
[http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/ventures/academics/ip]

[[Intellectual property]] is a key focus at Holland & Knight and we provide you with high quality IP services from a global platform.
[http://www.hklaw.com/Practice/Practice.asp?PAID=151]

[[Intellectual property]] is a legal concept which deals with creations of human ingenuity.
[http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/studies/publications/genetic_resources.htm]

==INVENTION==

An invention is a new and innovative creation or method that may be protected by registration as a [[patent]].
[http://www.uws.edu.au/about/adminorg/devint/obd/ccr/ip]

An invention is a new and useful method or product that has unique features and real advantages for an end user.
[http://uctech.uchicago.edu/inventors/faq.shtml]

An invention is a new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or new and useful improvement upon them.
[http://www.ospa.umn.edu/manual/71.html]

An invention is a novel and useful idea relating to processes, machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter.
[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/DoR/rph/5-1.html]

An invention is a product or a process that provides a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem.
[http://www.pactt.ch/pactt_home/pactt_faq.htm]

An invention is a technical concept that is distinguished by being a world-wide novelty in terms of technological development and by not being obvious.
[http://www.gintasset.com.vn/industrial.html]

An invention is a technical solution to a specific problem.
[http://www.wipo.int/uipc/en/faq.html]

An invention is defined as a new or useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition-of-matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof.
[http://www.umbi.umd.edu/bd/IDFreqAskQuestions.htm]

An invention is the physical embodiment of a discovery.
[http://www.research.psu.edu/ipo/faculty_staff/faq3.html]

An invention is the solution to a problem.
[http://www.innovation.cc/discussion-papers/thoughts-innovation.htm]

Can You [[Patent]] That? In [[patent]] law, the term "invention" is defined loosely so that it can encompass a wide variety of objects.
[http://www.howstuffworks.com/patent1.htm]

Do a quick check on the FTC's website at www.FTC.gov and perform a global search on the word "invention".
[http://tenonline.org/art/npm/9811.html]

In [[patent]] law, the term "invention" is defined loosely so that it can encompass a wide variety of objects.
[http://www.stuffo.com/patent1.htm]

Invention is a technological advancement qualifying for [[patent]] protection under the [[patent]] laws of the United States.
[http://www.eng.buffalo.edu/Research/vp]

Invention is the creation of a new concept.
[http://www.1000advices.com/guru/innovation_vk.htm]

Invention is the first stage in the process of innovation.
[http://www.innovation.cc/discussion-papers/thoughts-innovation.htm]

Invention: A creation of [[intellectual property]] that did not exist previously.
[http://www.rush.edu/rumc/page-1119821258225.html]

The invention is a method and apparatus for linking to a file in a UNIX operating system.
[http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6327703.html]

The invention is a result of research and development done by Switchboard to display directory content and advertising with minimal latency.
[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_Sept_28/ai_55879899]

The invention is defined by the claims, so a contribution that qualifies someone as an inventor must relate to some aspect of one or more of the claims.
[http://www.bakerbotts.com/file_upload/MichaudArticle.htm]

The invention is defined in the [[patent]] through one or more claims which are very precise explanations of the scope of an invention.
[http://www.auburn.edu/research/vpr/communications/resnews/apr99.html]

==INVENTIONS==

Inventions are considered joint as long as more than one person each made an original contribution to the subject matter of at least one claim in the [[patent]].
[http://www.rgs.uci.edu/rig/ota/handbook/hndbkIIg.htm]

Inventions are disclosed by submitting an invention disclosure form (that can be found on the forms page) to the OTT.
[http://www.ncsu.edu/ott/faq.html]

Inventions are either products or processes.
[http://www.wipo.int/uipc/en/faq.html]

Inventions are novel and non-obvious, and can be protected by [[patents]].
[http://www.hsc.unt.edu/research/researchoffice/ip_guidebook.html]

Inventions are usually identified by formal reviews of research activities and technical reports, or by the individual inventor and his/her associates.
[http://www.niu.edu/provost/facpers/appm/I6.htm]

==INVENTOR==

An inventor is a natural person, not a company.
[http://www.dww.com/articles/inventorship.htm]

An inventor is a person who creates new materials, methods, or technical, mechanical, and tactile objects.
[http://www.info-authority.com/Inventors.htm]

An inventor is a person who has had an original idea or otherwise contributed intellectual input to one of the claims of a [[patent]].
[http://ace.acadiau.ca/otti/IPInfo.html]

An inventor is a person who made a mental contribution to the conception or development of the new, useful, and non-obvious discovery.
[http://www.umdnj.edu/resrhweb/patents/patents_ip/patents_IP.htm]

An inventor is a person who made an inventive contribution to the invention as defined by the claims of the [[patent]] application.
[http://www.cambia.org/daisy/bios/41/205]

An inventor is a person who makes an original, significant intellectual contribution leading to the conception of the invention.
[http://www.ncsu.edu/ott/faq.html]

An inventor is any one who contributes to the subject matter of one or more of the claims of the application.
[http://www.trademarksamerica.com/patents_copyrights.htm]

An inventor is any person who makes an intellectual contribution to a claimed invention in its full, final and operable form.
[http://albany.bizjournals.com/albany/stories/2005/08/08/smallb3.html]

An inventor is one who "conceives" andeither personally or through someone elseactually or constructively reduces the invention to practice.
[http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/matters/matters-9406.html]

An inventor is one who conceives and either personally or through someone else reduces the invention to practice.
[http://www.research.psu.edu/ipo/faculty_staff/faq3.html]

An inventor is one who makes creative input, or conceives of an invention.
[http://www.ltd.jhu.edu/For%20Hopkins%20Inventors/intellectual.html]

An inventor is the one who first conceives of the invention in sufficient detail that someone skilled in the art could reproduce the invention.
[http://www.ucop.edu/ott/faculty/pat101.html]

Inventor is a person who pursuant to United States [[patent]] law conceives of an Invention that is subsequently reduced to practice.
[http://www.eng.buffalo.edu/Research/vp]

Inventor is defined as any individual associated with the University who makes an invention.
[http://www.bc.edu/offices/policies/meta-elements/doc/policies/IV/4-200-150.shtml]

The inventor is an important resource in the licensing negotiation.
[http://www.unl.edu/research/td/faq.shtml]

The inventor is the individual who has conceived of the invention, provided of course that there has been a reduction to practice.
[http://www.mic.hawaii.edu/faculty/inventorship.html]

The inventor is the person entitled to [[ownership]] of the [[patent]], however [[ownership]] can be assigned.
[http://www.cambia.org/daisy/bios/41/205]

The inventor is the person or persons who conceived of the invention.
[http://www.ramot.org/faqs.html]

The inventor is the student’s advisor or the director of his or her thesis or dissertation research.
[http://www.uc.edu/Trustees/Rules/RuleDetail.asp?ID=140]

==INVENTORS==

[[Inventors]] are encouraged to participate in the process and will be kept informed of progress.
[http://web.uvic.ca/~idc/EN/main/inventors/13131/13167.html]

[[Inventors]] are given three months to respond to an Office Action. A three month extension can be obtained after payment of a fee.
[http://www.knoxpatents.com/PatentFAQ.html]

[[Inventors]] are sometimes very effective at taking the lead in commercialising their own inventions.
[http://astp.wikia.com/wiki/Academic_relations_/_dealing_with_inventors_/_ownership_situations]

[[Inventors]] are those who conceive of and reduce an invention to practice.
[http://www.k-state.edu/tech.transfer/FAQ.htm]

[[Inventors]] are those who conceived of the idea that is the invention.
[http://www.rochesterpatents.com/patent.htm]

[[Inventors]] are those who conceived the invention and/or contributed intellectually to its reduction to practice.
[http://www.northwestern.edu/ttp/faq.html]

[[Inventors]] are vissionaries and navigating the US [[Patent]] Office to obtain a [[patent]] can be pretty intimidating.
[http://blog.kauffman.org/index.php/entrepreneur_viewpoint/C28]

[[Inventors]] are well advised to ask a [[patent]] agent to look after this process on their behalf.
[http://www.bl.uk/collections/patents/faq.html]

The [[inventors]] are kept informed of the progress of the negotiations and are consulted before any critical decisions are made.
[http://www.temple.edu/ovpr/ovpr/research_guidelines/spaguide9.html]

The [[inventors]] are the statutory [[patent]] [[owners]] and may assign the [[patent]] rights by an assignment to others.
[http://www.rochesterpatents.com/patent.htm]

==INVENTORSHIP==

[[Inventorship]] is a key determination in establishing [[patent]] rights.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor]

[[Inventorship]] is a legal concept that is based upon who meets the requirements to be an inventor.
[http://www.yale.edu/ocr/invent_guidelines/inventor_owner.html]

[[Inventorship]] is a legal determination of the [[patent]] attorney or [[patent]] agent, based on application of facts to the legal framework.
[http://www.darbylaw.com/news/news_article.asp?id=1693]

[[Inventorship]] is a legal determination.
[http://www.k-state.edu/tech.transfer/FAQ.htm]

[[Inventorship]] is a legal issue that is determined by a [[patent]] attorney.
[http://www.research.psu.edu/ipo/faculty_staff/faq3.html]

[[Inventorship]] is a legal standard.
[http://www.licr.org/C_news/newslink/0403/0403_OIP.html]

[[Inventorship]] is a legal term rooted in both statute and in case law.
[http://localtechwire.com/article.cfm?u=13023]

[[Inventorship]] is a question of law that we review de novo. Ethicon, Inc. v. U.S. Surgical Corp., 135 F.3d 1456, 1460, 45 USPQ2d 1545, 1547 (Fed.
[http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/federal/judicial/fed/opinions/02opinions/02-1109.html]

[[Inventorship]] is an extremely important and often misunderstood issue.
[http://www.umbi.umd.edu/bd/IDFreqAskQuestions.htm]

[[Inventorship]] is an important legal determination that can ultimately affect the validity of an issued [[patent]].
[http://www.umbi.umd.edu/bd/120204ORD%20IDF%20Instr.htm]

[[Inventorship]] is an important legal principle often invoked when applying for [[patents]] and enforcing [[patent]] rights.
[http://www.mcw.edu/display/router.asp?docid=9742]

[[Inventorship]] is probably the single most important concept in [[patent]] law.
[http://www.fredlaw.com/articles/ip/inte_0211_rnr.html]

==JUDGES==

Judges are appointed by the chief executive.
[http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/government-S00.html]

Judges are appointed to serve until the age of 65 and may extend their terms until the age of 70 if they remain in good physical and mental health.
[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41634.htm]

Judges are primarily concerned with the rights of individuals. That is what court cases are all about.
[http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/rights-bill-a-matter-for-judgement/2006/03/28/1143441146122.html]

The judges are appointed by the King.
[http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/government-S00.html]

The judges are chosen on the basis of their qualifications and not on their nationality.
[http://www.tchrd.org/publications/topical_reports/guide_to_human_rights-1999]

==LAND==

Land is a common property of Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of transfer.
[http://www.mekonginfo.org/mrc/html/capetown/cape23.htm]

Land is an asset, a resource, one of the factors of production.
[http://www.roboroz.ca/grazing/graz3.html]

Land was not part of property, but rather was its own category.
[http://www.wealthandwant.com/themes/Ownership.html]

Land: All the land is held by Muni until some time in the future for development.
[http://www.sbeminentdomainabuse.com]

The land was cultivated in common, and the produce divided among all, in proportion to the number of labourers in each family.
[http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/laveleye/PrimProp02.htm]

The land was far greater than any personal possession; the land was reflective of Aboriginal life past, present and future.
[http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/research/theology/ejournal/aejt_8/ross.htm]

The land was redistributed to tenants, workers and peasants in ejidos. These were communally owned but worked mostly in small parcels by individual families.
[http://www.property-registration.org/Documents/Market%20vs%20Redistributive%20UNRISD1.htm]

==LANDOWNERS==

[[Landowners]] are eligible for a 10 year contract of annual rental payments in this practice.
[http://www.forestry.state.ar.us/manage/incentives.html]

[[Landowners]] are encouraged to take an active role in preparing this plan and in learning about the practices involved in managing their woodlot.
[http://www.crawfordconservation.com/Forestryhome.htm]

[[Landowners]] are hungry -- and overdue -- for more understanding and patience from urban Oregon.
[http://www.oregonlive.com/printer/printer.ssf?/base/sports/11619933186270.xml]

[[Landowners]] are less likely to cooperate if their land isn't being respected.
[http://www.hardnewscafe.usu.edu/sports/102306_walkin.html]

[[Landowners]] are not permitted to hunt their land unless agreed to in the contract and the [[landowners]] become members.
[http://www.ks-mo-hunt.org/landowners.htm]

[[Landowners]] are required to have or to request a conservation plan on the land where the practice will be applied.
[http://www.okcc.state.ok.us/Costshare/CS_home.htm]

[[Landowners]] are responsible for payment to contractors, fertilizer dealers, and others who provide equipment, services or materials for the practice.
[http://www.okcc.state.ok.us/Costshare/CS_home.htm]

[[Landowners]]: A Review of the Research Literature, May 2001.
[http://www.federationsoutherncoop.com/aalandown04.htm]

The [[landowners]] are immune to the law, empowered politically and economically by their contribution to the country's farm exports, he said.
[http://forests.org/articles/reader.asp?linkid=39386]

==LEGISLATIVE BRANCH==

The Legislative branch is a bicameral National Assembly or Rathasapha, which consists of the Senate or Wuthisapha.
[http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/government-S00.html]

The Legislative branch is a unicameral Legislative Assembly containing 57 seats.
[http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/government-S00.html]

The Legislative branch is a unicameral Legislative Assembly with 72 seats.
[http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/government-S00.html]

The legislative branch is a bicameral Parliament that consists of House of Lords and House of Commons.
[http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/government-S00.html]

The legislative branch is a unicameral Parliament which consists of 83 seats, and members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms.
[http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/government-S00.html]

The legislative branch is a unicameral parliament and is called the Folketing.
[http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/government-S00.html]

==LIBERTY==

Liberty is a 3-year-old Cremella Quarterhorse-type filly with blue eyes.
[http://hsmo.convio.net/site/PageServer?pagename=lrr_Donate_Horse_Heroes]

Liberty is a condition of not being molested by other human beings, either in one's own body or in one's rightfully owned property.
[http://www.voluntaryist.com/forthcoming/whylibertytaxes.php]

Liberty is an independent [[human rights]] organisation - we are not overseen or regulated by a representative or umbrella body.
[http://www.yourrights.org.uk]

Liberty is the legal absence of restrictions other than the prohibition of coercive harm.
[http://www.spaz.org/~dan/individualist-anarchist/nrnr.html]

Liberty is the state of being free from captivity, imprisonment or slavery; the right or power to act and think as one chooses.
[http://www.tchrd.org/publications/topical_reports/guide_to_human_rights-1999]

Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires.
[http://www.constitutionalfreedomfoundation.org/Articles/constitutional_primer_7.htm]

==LIBRARIES==

Libraries are archives of object files created with the ar command.
[http://eewww.eng.ohio-state.edu/~juodvalk/ee281/compile]

Libraries are generally divided into four types: Public, School, Academic, and Special.
[http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ld/pubs/plant/handbook.doc]

Libraries are one of the great bulwarks of democracy.
[http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ld/pubs/plant/handbook.doc]

Libraries are threatened because the publishers of scholarly digital information are seeking more money and more control while library budgets shrink.
[http://www.cooperationcommons.com/Documents/EntryView?id=31]

Libraries were discussed previously in this report.
[http://boultonmiller.com/99Upof98KD.htm]

==LICENSE==

A license is a grant of permission to do something with an otherwise protected work or product.
[http://www.lawfirmstaff.com/erc/ip.html]

A license is a written grant of rights by one party to another party for specific purposes.
[http://www.hsc.unt.edu/research/researchoffice/ip_guidebook.html]

A license is an agreement that allows someone else to use or sell your invention for a limited period of time.
[http://www.greatideagear.com/license.your.invention.html]

A license is an example of an assignment or sale of rights in the invention.
[http://www.larta.org/lavox/articlelinks/2004/040906_patents.asp]

License - An agreement granting to another party the right to make, use and sell a patented invention without the transfer of title to the [[patent]].
[http://www.svsu.edu/operationsmanual/manual.cfm?doc_id=1854]

The license was called "General Public License".
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

==MYTH==

Myth: The overseeing department manager may be listed on the [[patent]] as an inventor even he did not directly contribute to the invention.
[http://www.rochesterpatents.com/patent.htm]

Myth: a [[patent]] gives the [[patent]] owner the right to make a product.
[http://www.rochesterpatents.com/patent.htm]

Myth: the inventor needs to make a prototype before he prepares a [[patent]] application.
[http://www.rochesterpatents.com/patent.htm]

Myth: the inventor needs to scientifically explain how or why his invention works.
[http://www.rochesterpatents.com/patent.htm]

Myth: the [[patent]] protects everything described in the text of the specification and depicted in the drawings.
[http://www.rochesterpatents.com/patent.htm]

==NATURAL LAW==

John Locke, a man the Founders looked to for the philosophical foundations of this nation, used the term "Natural Law" in his Second Treatise on [[Government]].
[http://www.ashbrook.org/publicat/respub/v8n2/rankin.html]

Natural Law is the collection of rights/laws proceeding directly from the nature of man.
[http://www.mwilliams.info/archives/004554.php]

Natural law is a method, not a code.
[http://jim.com/rights.html]

Natural law was deemed to pre-exist actual social and political systems.
[http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/hum-rts.htm]

Natural law was discovered (not invented, not created, discovered) by the stoic philosophers.
[http://jim.com/rights.html]

Natural law was taught in the great Universities of Oxford, Salamanca, Prague, and Krakow, and in many other places.
[http://jim.com/rights.html]

Natural law was the norm, both morally and in practice.
[http://jim.com/rights.html]

The natural law was inherently teleological in that it aimed at human happiness.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law]

The term "natural law" is ambiguous.
[http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/n/natlaw.htm]

==NATURAL RIGHTS==

Natural Rights are based on factual evidence that we can see for ourselves or prove via the scientific method.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Human_rights]

Natural rights are God-given or nature derived, not [[government]] granted as is the case with UN rights.
[http://www.jpands.org/hacienda/article22.html]

Natural rights are conditions of existence for the proper survival of humans.
[http://p066.ezboard.com/fthepalaceoforangefrm8.showMessage?topicID=22.topic]

Natural rights are gifts from nature.
[http://nesara.org/articles/negotiating_with_the_warden1.htm]

Natural rights are inalienable: they are not conferred by any judicial or political process nor can they be removed by these or other means.
[http://www.urbandharma.org/udharma/humanrights.html]

Natural rights are indeed contested - by social authortarians, for example who want to impose their vision of society on others.
[http://www.samizdata.net/blog/archives/008180.html]

Natural rights are not only genuine rights, but they are timeless, possible to achieve, and require human action for their violation.
[http://www.quebecoislibre.org/000415-11.htm]

Natural rights are rights conferred by derivative natural laws.
[http://www.panix.com/~squigle/dcp/locke.html]

Natural rights are the basis for the theory of [[government]] shared by most branches of liberalism (including libertarianism).
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government]

Natural rights are the rights that we have in the state of nature. We don't have these rights in civilized society.
[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/ebarnes/334/334-sup-hobbes.htm]

Natural rights are those rights that are indispensably necessary for man to fulfill his potential on this earth.
[http://eyler.freeservers.com/JeffPers/jefpco08.htm]

Natural rights are those which appertain to man in right of his existence.
[http://home.page.ch/pub/rfm@vtx.ch/individualrights.html]

Natural rights are universal rights that are seen as inherent in the nature of the world, and not contingent on human actions or beliefs.
[http://agat.guamus.com/info/Natural_rights]

Natural rights is a Hobbsean/Lockean, not a Thomist, idea.
[http://rightreason.ektopos.com/archives/2006/01/natural_rights.html]

Natural rights were thereby presented as ultimately valid irrespective of whether they had achieved the recognition of any given political ruler or assembly.
[http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/hum-rts.htm]

Natural rights were thereby similarly presented as rights individuals possessed independently of society or polity.
[http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/hum-rts.htm]

The term "natural rights" refers specifically to a theory of [[government]], that is by its very nature contractarian.
[http://rightreason.ektopos.com/archives/2006/01/natural_rights.html]

==OPEN CONTENT==

[[Open Content]] is a Gift Economy.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

[[Open Content]] is a [[copyleft]] philosophy adopted from the very successful Open Source movement in software development.
[http://www.smpa.org/cgi-bin/wiki.cgi/Open_Content]

[[Open Content]] is a mess principally because it is a young field.
[http://shearer.org/Open_Content_Licensing_Mess]

[[Open Content]] is also called "Free" and "Public" depending on who you ask.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

[[Open content]] is a good fit for companies wanting to take advantage of person-to-person networks, file sharing, and digital copying.
[http://www.itworld.com/nl/ecom_in_act/11122003]

[[Open content]] is a term devoid of any useful meaning.
[http://www.computerworld.com.au/index.php/id;85211936;fp;2;fpid;3]

[[Open content]] is a wider field than open source, and in fact is a superset of FLOSS.
[http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/KarstenWade/OpenContent]

[[Open content]] is similar to the open source computer programs in some respects, and different in others.
[http://webraft.its.unimelb.edu.au/730306/pub/Class7_creativecommons.htm]

The term "[[open content]]" can be found in a special license for content, which was inspired by licenses for products developed as open source.
[http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue8_8/cedergren]

==OPEN SOURCE==

Describing non-free software as "closed" clearly refers to the term "open source".
[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html]

Open Source is a phenomenon that is growing in momentum, membership, and market share.
[http://www.omar.org/opensource/litreview]

Open Source is a philosophy that is based on collaboration, community and the [[collective ownership]] of [[intellectual property]].
[http://www.in.redhat.com/community/rhscholarship.php]

Open Source is an invented term and has the advantage of not carrying any historic meanings to confuse people.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

Open Source software The term "open source" software is used by some people to mean more or less the same category as free software.
[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html]

The term "Open Source" has no legal definition, and is not Trademark protected, so anyone could conceivably claim Open Source on their software.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

The term "Open Source" wasn't coined until 1998.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

The term "open source" was coined merely two years ago (1998)1, and is now a media buzzword (Raymond, 205).
[http://www.omar.org/opensource/litreview]

==OWNERS==

[[Owners]] are expected to comply fully with both all rules and all decisions of the commissioner and failure to do so may result in removal.
[http://perennialhockeyleague.com/Rules.html]

[[Owners]] are issued a $255 ticket for the first violation, but that could accelerate to a court summons and fine as high as $5,000 for repeated offences.
[http://www.smokersclubinc.com/Canada/303.html]

[[Owners]] are more likely to know in advance of purchase what they are buying into and to understand the sanctions should they fail to play their part.
[http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/housing/061.asp]

[[Owners]] are required to file a copy of their insurance policy with management and to notify it if the policy is canceled.
[http://www.fairlingtonvillages.com/handbook_own.html]

The [[owners]] are just completing a new paint job using sterling and a roll and tip process.
[http://www.cheoyleeassociation.com/Power/PowerOwners.htm]

==OWNERSHIP==

In the end, President Bush's [[ownership]] society turns the word "[[ownership]]" on its head.
[http://www.alternet.org/story/21408]

[[Ownership]] is a finality.
[http://www.faem.com/lefevre/fevre04.htm]

[[Ownership]] is a transferrable right: you have the right to control the resource, and the right to transfer that right.
[http://lists.oasis-open.org/archives/soa-rm/200504/msg00019.html]

[[Ownership]] is a way for some to build something of their own. Others see [[ownership]] primarily as the path to a less-elevated goal: wealth.
[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1365/is_12_35/ai_n14809459]

[[Ownership]] is the key building block in the development of the capitalist socio-economic system.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owner]

[[Ownership]] is the socially supported power to exclusively control and use for one's own purposes, that which is owned.
[http://www.ebroadcast.com.au/lookup/encyclopedia/ow/Ownership.html]

[[Ownership]] is the ultimate control and direction of a resource.
[http://www.mises.org/rothbard/mes/chap17b.asp]

==OWNERSHIP TYPES==

[[Ownership]][[ types]] are types of objects that are parameterized by an owner object.
[http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-djc06173.html]

==PARTNERSHIP==

A [[partnership]] is a for-profit business association of two or more persons.
[http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/partnership.html]

A [[partnership]] is a legal entity recognized under the law and as such it has rights and responsibilities in and of itself.
[http://www.canadaone.com/magazine/ask-the-expert10.html]

A [[partnership]] is a national strategic relationship between DIMIA (through the Living in Harmony programme) and community, business, and [[government]] partners.
[http://www.harmony.gov.au/partnerships/what_is_a_partnership.htm]

A [[partnership]] is a relationship between persons carrying on a profit-motivated business in common.
[http://www.canadaone.com/magazine/ask-the-expert10.html]

A [[partnership]] is a tax-reporting entity, not a tax-paying entity.
[http://www.quickmba.com/law/partnership/general]

A [[partnership]] is an unincorporated business that is carried on by two or more people who intend to share the business profits.
[http://www.graphics-online.com/legalline/189.html]

A [[partnership]] is the most common form of [[ownership]].
[http://www.nzracing.co.nz/Ownership/OwnershipTypes.aspx]

A [[partnership]] is the relationship existing between two or more persons who join to carry on a trade or business.
[http://www.irs.gov/businesses/partnerships/index.html]

[[PARTNERSHIP]] - An association of two or more people who agree to share in the profits and losses of a business venture.
[http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/p009.htm]

[[Partnership]] is a commitment to a way of living, it is a way of life based on harmony with nature, nonviolence, and gender, racial, and economic equity.
[http://www.partnershipway.org/html/aboutus.htm]

[[Partnership]] is a very effective method of development.
[http://www.interaction.org/library/detail.php?id=5244]

The [[partnership]] is a business where two or more individuals pool their assets, abilities and talent toward a common objective profit.
[http://www.massmutual.com/mmfg/business/owners/business_plan/entity/index.html]

The [[partnership]] is a popular and useful form of business organization.
[http://www.idahosbdc.org/bizessentials_choose_partner.html]

==PARTNERSHIPS==

[[Partnerships]] are a sound investment for both the near and long term.
[http://www.nps.gov/partnerships]

[[Partnerships]] are crucial for UNICEF to accelerate progress in girls’ education.
[http://www.unicef.org/girlseducation/index_partnerships.html]

[[Partnerships]] are effective tools for improving health in communities.
[http://www.healthypeople.gov/Document/HTML/uih/uih_1.htm]

[[Partnerships]] are illiquid and partners must stay with the firm until clients discover their types and update the firm's reputation.
[http://gates.comm.virginia.edu/wjw9a]

[[Partnerships]] are limited to between two and ten people. They can be formed between anyone - family, friends, work mates, sports teams, whoever.
[http://www.nzracing.co.nz/Ownership/OwnershipTypes.aspx]

[[Partnerships]] are opaque so that the willingness of clients to pay depends upon reputation.
[http://gates.comm.virginia.edu/wjw9a]

[[Partnerships]] are the foundation of natural resources conservation on private lands.
[http://www.mi.nrcs.usda.gov/partnerships]

[[Partnerships]] are thought to be in the middle of a continuum that describes the commitment level of these activities.
[http://www.icdri.org/DD/using_partnerships_to_bridge_the.htm]

[[Partnerships]] are treated as a conduit and are, therefore, not subject to taxation." Black's Law Dictionary, 6th edition, 1991.
[http://www.cbpp.org/mdsmbz.htm]

[[Partnerships]] is what enables many companies to make continuous improvements.
[http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/partnerships_main.html]

==PATENT==

A [[patent]] is a form of legal protection for inventions.
[www.northcarolina.edu/content.php/themes/printerfriendly.php?docnumber=3302]

A [[patent]] is the most reliable tool to protect one’s invention.
[www.wipo.int/uipc/en/faq.html]

A [[patent]] is a property right granted to an inventor by the [[Government]].
[www.ucop.edu/ott/faculty/pat101.html]

==PATENTS==

[[Patents]] are a form of property.
[http://www.rochesterpatents.com/patent.htm]

[[Patents]] are a great tool to give [[inventors]] [[ownership]] of their ideas. However, it is not always necessary or beneficial to get a [[patent]].
[http://www.inventionexperts.com/about.html1.html]

[[Patents]] are a hard problem.
[http://www.paulgraham.com/softwarepatents.html]

[[Patents]] are a modernized mechanism of the feudal system. This very list suggest that it takes many more than one, to create that which serves our society.
[http://lists.xml.org/archives/xml-dev/200607/msg00449.html]

[[Patents]] are a palpable, legally-binding manifestation of a person's genius and innovation; they allow a person to actually own an idea.
[http://www.stuffo.com/patent.htm]

[[Patents]] are a part of a larger subset called '[[Intellectual Property]] (IP)' which grant monopoly to those with new ideas or knowledge.
[http://www.ijme.in/101di154.html]

[[Patents]] are a privilege, the cost of which is borne by the public.
[http://fare.tunes.org/articles/patents.html]

[[Patents]] are a time limited monopoly granted by the [[government]] in recognition of novel and innovative ideas which clearly extend well past prior art.
[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?IntellectualProperty]

[[Patents]] are about functional and technical aspects of products and processes.
[http://www.intellectual-property.gov.uk/faq/patents/what.htm]

[[Patents]] are also a great source of useful technical information available to the public (which otherwise would have been kept secret).
[http://www.ipic.ca/english/general/patents.cfm]

[[Patents]] are also counted as a publication by the inventor(s) for resumés and job applications.
[http://www.licr.org/C_news/newslink/0403/0403_OIP.html]

[[Patents]] are also incompatible with many models used by Free Software.
[http://fsfe.org/en/fellows/ciaran/ciaran_s_free_software_notes/the_future_of_the_patents_battle_and_the_july_12th_hearing]

[[Patents]] are awarded to the person(s) who first invents something (novelty requirement).
[http://www.hsc.unt.edu/research/researchoffice/ip_guidebook.html]

[[Patents]] are being granted for "inventions" which are obvious.
[http://www.ericsink.com/articles/Intellectual_Property.html]

[[Patents]] are being granted on human genes and on techniques to alter the fate of human reproduction.
[http://www.grain.org/publications/gtbc/issue1.htm]

[[Patents]] are business assets.
[http://www.williamgowanlock.com/faq.html]

[[Patents]] are commercial tools and regardless of philosophy it is commercially naïve to ignore the opportunities they present.
[http://www.baldwins.com/ELibrary/BSCArticleArchive]

[[Patents]] are designed to confer a unique advantage on the private inventor for a period of time.
[http://www.csrstds.com/fundeco.html]

[[Patents]] are disclosures with strict monopoly over usage.
[http://www.altlawforum.org/COLLABORATIONS/Reports/social%20Knowledge]

[[Patents]] are especially important in the medical field, because companies bear immense expenses to develop a commercial product.
[http://www.musc.edu/frd/fac-patent.htm]

==PATENT APPLICATION==

A [[patent]] application is a complex legal document that describes an invention in detail.
[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/engin/patent-tutorial/appsearching.htm]

A [[patent]] application is a complex legal document, best prepared by one trained to prepare such documents.
[http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/utility/utility.htm]

A [[patent]] application is a legal document which must comply with United States (and sometimes foreign) regulations.
[http://www.wistar.org/tech_transfer/invention.html]

A [[patent]] application is a legal document. Write it the wrong way and your application may not be accepted or your [[patent]] protection may be inadequate.
[http://inventors.about.com/od/applicationforms/a/get_patent.htm]

A [[patent]] application is a request pending at a [[patent]] office for the grant of a [[patent]] for the invention described and claimed by that application.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_application]

A [[patent]] application is an official document which is filed with the United States [[Patent]] and Trademark Office requesting [[patent]] protection for an invention.
[http://www.temple.edu/ovpr/ovpr/research_guidelines/spaguide9.html]

==PATENT APPLICATIONS==

[[Patent]] applications are accompanied by a description of the item to be patented.
[http://www.tannedfeet.com/patent_law.htm]

[[Patent]] applications are confidential at the early stages.
[http://www.rochesterpatents.com/patent.htm]

[[Patent]] applications are generally published 18 months after the earliest priority date of the application.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_application]

[[Patent]] applications are not filed on every invention disclosure.
[http://otl.berkeley.edu/page.php?nav=28]

[[Patent]] applications are received at the rate of over 350,000 per year.
[http://www.uspto.gov/go/pac/doc/general]

[[Patent]] applications are required to be held confidential by the PTO during the time of their pendency.
[http://www.ogc.umich.edu/faq_intellectual.htm]

[[Patent]] applications are subject to a basic fee and additional fees for searching, examination, and issuing.
[http://otced.umr.edu/ip_primer.html]

[[Patent]] applications are subject to the payment of a basic fee and additional fees that include search fees, examination fees, and issue fees.
[http://www.uspto.gov/go/pac/doc/general]

==PATENT RIGHTS==

[[Patent]] rights are broader in that they can be asserted against anyone.
[http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Is-the-GPL-OK-for-DNA-40957.html]

[[Patent]] rights are enforced by filing a lawsuit in one of the federal district courts in the United States.
[http://www.mediator.online.bg/eng/iprop-1.htm]

[[Patent]] rights are granted by national [[Patent]] Offices, and so [[patent]] protection for an invention must be sought in each country individually.
[http://www.iusmentis.com/patents/crashcourse/procedure]

[[Patent]] rights are granted only to the first, original, and true inventor of a subject matter.
[http://www.mediator.online.bg/eng/iprop-1.htm]

[[Patent]] rights are included under the “other conditions of employment” provision.
[http://www.pepperlaw.com/pepper/publications_article.cfm?rid=704.0]

[[Patent]] rights are limited in time, usually to a maximum of 20 years from the date of filing of the first [[patent]] application.
[http://www.ipic.ca/english/general/patents.cfm]

[[Patent]] rights are narrower in that anyone can build on what can be learned from the [[patent]], so long as they avoid the claims.
[http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Is-the-GPL-OK-for-DNA-40957.html]

[[Patent]] rights are not automatic like Copyright.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

[[Patent]] rights are territorial, meaning that a U.S. [[patent]] does not extend beyond the boundaries of the United States.
[http://www.legalplanning.net/business/patents/about.html]

[[Patent]] rights are the right to do or authorise the doing of anything that would, but for that right, be an infringement of the [[patent]].
[http://www.inlandrevenue.gov.uk/manuals/camanual/CA75020.htm]

==PERSONAL PROPERTY==

[[Personal Property]] is a person's belongings, such as clothing or jewelry.
[http://sls.rutgers.edu/wills.htm]

[[Personal Property]] is defined as the readily moveable tangible assets of a business or corporation.
[http://www.miamidade.gov/pa/personal_property.asp]

[[Personal Property]] is the tangible (physical) assets of a business. [[Personal Property]] should not be confused with real property.
[http://www.twp.scio.mi.us/tax/personaltax.html]

[[Personal property]] are the common possesions of all Halladis.
[http://ns.goobergunch.net/wiki/index.php/Halladi_Socialism]

[[Personal property]] is a type of property.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owner]

[[Personal property]] is any property other than buildings or land.
[http://jesbeard.com/72.htm]

==PRIVATE PROPERTY==

[[Private Property]] is a positive right Free State Project Forum 148757 Posts in 10433 Topics by 4429 Members / Latest Member: zombiema7 Welcome, Guest.
[http://forum.freestateproject.org/index.php?topic=9839.msg130347]

[[Private property]] is a bulwark of liberty.
[http://www.quebecoislibre.org/06/061105-5.htm]

[[Private property]] is a bundle of rights that gives [[owners]] discretion over the use of resources.
[http://www.oswego.edu/~spizman/LAWEC4A.htm]

[[Private property]] is a foundation principal that has set our country apart from the rest.
[http://www.piausa.org/patent_reform/congressional_testimony]

[[Private property]] is a foundational element of our United States.
[http://www.heritage.org/press/Private-Property.cfm]

[[Private property]] is a human device.
[http://www.mises.org/humanaction/chap24sec4.asp]

[[Private property]] is a pillar of the free society idea, but it's a shaky pillar in today's world.
[http://www.libertyhaven.com/theoreticalorphilosophicalissues/conservatism/marketecolife.html]

[[Private property]] is a traditional right in our society, but some behave as though it were the most basic right of all, an article of faith.
[http://voiceofthecoast.com/2005/11/private_property_election_extr.html]

[[Private property]] is also a necessary condition of justice.
[http://www.quebecoislibre.org/06/061105-5.htm]

[[Private property]] is an alternative to both collective and common property.
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/property]

[[Private property]] is the legally- and socially- sanctioned ability to exclude others--it allows the fortunate owner to force others to go elsewhere.
[http://www.wisc.edu/epat/.res-price/.global/.entire.html]

[[Private property]] was essential to preserve and expand the individual freedom that man enjoyed in the state of nature.
[http://oldfraser.lexi.net/publications/books/measurement]

The use of the term "[[private property]]" necessarily refers to the rights individual persons have in or to that particular thing.
[http://www.libertyhaven.com/theoreticalorphilosophicalissues/libertarianism/changingprivate.html]

==PROPERTY OWNERS==

Property [[owners]] are also responsible for maintaining unpaved alleys next to their property.
[http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/publicrow.htm]

Property [[owners]] are eligible for partial reimbursement for the cost of replacing their lead service line.
[http://www.ci.madison.wi.us/water/plansLead.cfm]

Property [[owners]] are entitled to be paid for their land and buildings when the City invokes [[eminent domain]].
[http://www.ncbg.org/tifs/em_domain.htm]

Property [[owners]] are responsible for all the costs that may be associated with these actions.
[http://www.sdcounty.ca.gov/deh/hmd/meth_owner.html]

Property [[owners]] are responsible for providing a temporary or permanent driveway so that vehicles do not drive over sidewalks, planting strips or curbs.
[http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/publicrow.htm]

==PROPERTY RIGHTS==

Property rights are a function of what others are willing to acknowledge.
[http://www.ngoblog.fi/2006/10/property_rights.html]

Property rights are a person-person relationship with respect to participation in decisions regarding the use of resources.
[http://www.msu.edu/course/prm/201/case-book/1-4cb201.htm]

Property rights are an extension to the right to life.
[http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Politics_Rights.html]

Property rights are an indispensable requirement of a free society – That is why they must be restored.
[http://www.newswithviews.com/guest_opinion/guest73.htm]

Property rights are at the center of civilization.
[http://som.utdallas.edu/capri]

Property rights are basic to all rights.
[http://ourcivilisation.com/cooray/rights/chap8.htm]

Property rights are bought up by those most able to afford them and it is the [[owners]] of [[private property]] who determine its fate.
[http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/sbeder/valuation.html]

Property rights are found in the oldest laws written down, and equate the expectation of Use or profit to Some payment from the very beginning.
[http://property.iqnaut.net]

Property rights are [[human rights]].
[http://homepages.paradise.net.nz/castro/ch2.html]

Property rights are individual, not communal. c.
[http://www.lonang.com/curriculum/2/s24.htm]

Property rights are not just another human right; such a statement understates the case.
[http://ourcivilisation.com/cooray/rights/chap8.htm]

Property rights are now recognized as essential for economic progress. In a property rights regime, the public benefits from privately owned goods.
[http://www.heartland.org/Article.cfm?artId=17902]

Property rights are protected in the current laws of Sates usually found in the form of a [[Constitution]] or a Bill of Rights.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property]

Property rights are usually construed narrowly to cover only things that can be exchanged, given away, or abandoned.
[http://www.onpower.org/crises_property.html]

Property rights were an issue in the last election cycle.
[http://www.palandowners.org/Ingram-Whose%20Property%20Is%20it%20-%20October%201995%20Ingram%20Article.asp]

Property rights were conspicuously missing from the President's list.
[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n15_v50/ai_21123132]

==PROPERTY TAXES==

Property taxes are a significant expense for homeowners, yet represent one of the largest sources of frustration and confusion.
[http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060723/LIFE07/607230332/1005/LIFE]

Property taxes are assessed on the value of all real property and some business-owned [[personal property]] as of April 1 of each year.
[http://www.vermontproperty.com/newsltr/vtrealestatetaxes.html]

Property taxes are not a fee for service, but a way of distributing the cost for local services and programs throughout the municipality.
[http://www.mpac.ca/pages_english/property_owners/guide_to_property_assessment.html]

Property taxes are not paid for services rendered in a prior year.
[http://www.ci.broomfield.co.us/centralrecords/TaxFAQ.shtml]

Property taxes are so low here that if they were raised by a third, Alabama would still have the lowest property taxes in the nation.
[http://www.auburn.edu/administration/univrel/news/archive/2_96news/2_96constitution.html]

Property taxes are the product of the property tax rate and the taxable value, and the assessment increase limitation only affects the taxable value.
[http://frp.aysps.gsu.edu/frp/frpreports/report_37/no37_fr.html]

Property taxes are the result of multiplying the [[assessed value]] times the mill levy for the taxing area.
[http://www.ci.broomfield.co.us/centralrecords/TaxFAQ.shtml]

Property taxes are the traditional source of revenue for municipalities, schools and other units of local [[government]].
[http://www.duboisgop.org/ptax.php]

==PUBLIC DOMAIN==

[[Public Domain]] is the state when the Author's rights have expired and the rights become Public.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

The [[public domain]] is a space where [[intellectual property]] protection does not apply.
[http://www.publicknowledge.org/resources/introductions]

==SELF-OWNERSHIP==

[[Self-ownership]] is one of the cornerstones of laissez-faire capitalist ideology.
[http://www.struggle.ws/anarchism/faq/secF2.html]

The capitalist system, however, has undermined this principle, and ironically, has used the term "[[self-ownership]]" as the "logical" basis for doing so.
[http://www.anarchistfaq.de/secB3.html]

==SLAVERY==

Slavery is the antithesis to freedom and so, in theory, contract and slavery must be mutually exclusive.
[http://www.struggle.ws/anarchism/faq/secF2.html]

Slavery was allowed, if regulated to prevent the more egregious abuses.
[http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-rights.htm]

Slavery was cheap labor; it was also dear labor.
[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/rausch-socialgospel.html]

Slavery was more than a contradiction, it was something that affected millions of people, black and white, and distorted American politics for all time.
[http://www.thelibertypapers.org/categories/individual-rights/page/2]

Slavery was more than a contradiction.
[http://www.thelibertypapers.org/categories/individual-rights/page/2]

==SOCIETY==

Society is a complex beast.
[http://unrepentantindividual.com/2005/07/21/natural-rights-doctrine-the-missing-piece]

Society is a product of its humanity.
[http://lists.xml.org/archives/xml-dev/200607/msg00449.html]

Society is the projection of us in relationship with another, in which the need and use are predominant.
[http://www.sbeminentdomainabuse.com]

Society is the relationship that we establish or seek to establish between each other.
[http://www.sbeminentdomainabuse.com]

==SOFTWARE PATENTS==

Software [[Patents]] are a relatively new twist to IP law.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

Software [[Patents]] are discussed in their own Software [[Patent]] Section of BitLaw.
[http://www.bitlaw.com/patent/index.html]

Software [[Patents]] are problematic for Open Source projects.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

Software [[patents]] are a barrier to a free market in information technology.
[http://www.ffii.org]

Software [[patents]] are evil.
[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?IntellectualProperty]

Software [[patents]] are not the same as software copyright.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patent]

Software [[patents]] are now being granted at an alarming rate--by some counts, more than a thousand are issued each year.
[http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/Links/prep.ai.mit.edu/issues.article]

Software [[patents]] are still in the news.
[http://blogs.zdnet.com/open-source/index.php?cat=10]

==SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP==

A Sole Proprietorship is one individual or married couple in business alone.
[http://access.wa.gov/business/checklist/checklist1.aspx]

A sole proprietorship is a business owned and operated by one individual.
[http://www.canadaone.com/magazine/ask-the-expert10.html]

A sole proprietorship is a one-person business that is not registered with the state like a limited liability company (LLC) or corporation.
[http://www.nolo.com/lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/objectID/6294EA66-70E7-4562-81AC734B34CAD352]

A sole proprietorship is an unincorporated solely-owned business.
[http://www.massmutual.com/mmfg/business/owners/business_plan/entity/index.html]

Sole Proprietorship - A business concern that is owned by a socially and economically disadvantaged minority, woman or person.
[http://www.nctrca.org/manual.html]

==TRADEMARK==

A trademark is a distinctive name, phrase, symbol, design, picture, or style used by a business to identify itself and its products to consumers.
[http://www.patents-info.com]

A trademark is a name, word, symbol, or device which allows the trademark owner to dictate its use in identifying a product, e.g., logos and names.
[http://www.ospa.umn.edu/manual/71.html]

A trademark is a sign that is used in the course of trade to identify the origin of goods or services.
[http://www.uws.edu.au/about/adminorg/devint/obd/ccr/ip]

A trademark is a specific name, term, logo, design or symbol that is used in commerce to identify the origin of specific goods or services.
[http://www.policy.ilstu.edu/archives/intellectual.htm]

A trademark is a specific name, term, logo, design or symbol that is used to identify the source, product, producer, or distributor of goods or services.
[http://www.policy.ilstu.edu/policydocs/intellectual_property.htm]

==TRADEMARKS==

[[Trademarks]] are marks used by their [[owners]] to identify goods or services distinctively.
[http://uctech.uchicago.edu/inventors/faq.shtml]

[[Trademarks]] are symbols associated with a good, service or company.
[http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/95psa.html]

[[Trademarks]] are to protect [[ownership]] of names, titles, slogans, images, etc.
[http://www.mapnp.org/library/legal/ntlcl_pr/ntlcl_pr.htm]

[[Trademarks]] are used to distinguish products of a manufacturer or vendor from similar products offered by other manufacturers or vendors.
[http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/legal/ip.html]

[[Trademarks]] are used to protect a distinctive symbol or name which is used to identify a business or product.
[http://www.ericsink.com/articles/Intellectual_Property.html]

[[Trademarks]]: A trademark is a name to identify a product or service with its source.
[http://rgp.ufl.edu/otl/patents.html]

==TRADE SECRETS==

The trade secrets are valuable and can give a business or organization a competitive advantage.
[http://www.hsc.unt.edu/research/researchoffice/ip_guidebook.html]

Trade Secrets are formulae, chemical compositions, recipes, devices, or patterns that are not patented and are known only by the owner and key employees.
[http://www.hsc.unt.edu/research/researchoffice/ip_guidebook.html]

Trade Secrets are more often, but less famously, used for internal information, such as customer lists, product road maps, etc.
[http://www.greglondon.com/dtgd/html/draftingthegiftdomain.htm#8_Copyleft_or_Public_Domain_]

Trade Secrets are those data kept from a public forum, they are valuable but don't have legal statutory status.
[http://www.hsc.unt.edu/research/researchoffice/ip_guidebook.html]

Trade Secrets: A trade secret can cover any special, secret information used in business.
[http://rgp.ufl.edu/otl/patents.html]

Trade secrets are another way to suppress technological development.
[http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/95psa.html]

Trade secrets are proprietary information.
[http://web.reed.edu/dean_of_faculty/handbook/8-c.html]

Trade secrets are protected by law but, unlike [[patents]], do not have to be published openly.
[http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/95psa.html]

Trade secrets are protected under state law only.
[http://www.meyner.com/CM/CreditorsRights-Bankruptcy/Articles18.asp]

==TRUST==

A [[TRUST]] is a right of property held by one party for the benefit of another.
[http://www.virtuallawoffice.com/dcaf.html]

A [[trust]] is one of the most flexible holding and planning vehicles.
[http://www.realtax.com/investors/knowallyourholding.html]

The [[Trust]] was established in October 2000 to provide assistance to existing and prospective new businesses and to work with local and regional organisations.
[http://webdirectory.natlib.govt.nz/dir/en/nz/business-and-economy]

==WIKIPEDIA==

Wikipedia is a free public international encylopedia that anyone with internet access can modify and contribute to.
[http://www.guncontrol.org.au/index.php?section=3]

Wikipedia is a great example of why the policy issues that Public Knowledge focuses on are important.
[http://www.publicknowledge.org/taxonomy/term/49,0/all?page=7]

Wikipedia is a kind of encyclopedia with more that 100,000 articles in its database.
[http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue8_8/cedergren]

Wikipedia is a multilingual, Web-based free content encyclopedia project.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia]

Wikipedia was served from a single server until 2004, when the server setup was expanded into a distributed multitier architecture.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia]

==Categories==
Categories: [[Glossaries]]>[[Glossary of Ownership Types]]

Subcategories: [[Abstract]]; [[America]]; [[Assessed Value]]; [[Authors]]; [[Bill]]; [[Book]]; [[Capitalism]]; [[Citizens]]; [[Claims]]; [[Collective Ownership]]; [[Collective Property]]; [[Commission]]; [[Common-property]]; [[Commons]]; [[Common Property]]; [[Companies]]; [[Compilation]]; [[Constitution]]; [[Convention]]; [[Copyleft]]; [[Copyright]]; [[Copyrights]]; [[Corporation]]; [[Culture]]; [[Data]]; [[Eminent Domain]]; [[First Step]]; [[Free Software]]; [[Government]]; [[Governments]]; [[Government Ownership]]; [[Gpl]]; [[Gun Control]]; [[Humans]]; [[Human Rights]]; [[Ideas]]; [[Indigenous Peoples]]; [[Individuals]]; [[Individual Owner]]; [[Individual Owners]]; [[Individual Ownership]]; ...

-------
Last modified: November 11, 2006.

[http://keywen.com/en/GLOSSARY_OF_OWNERSHIP_TYPES Mirror page]
[[Keywords:Glossary_of_Ownership_Types|Keywords and Queries (Order)]]

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Michael — Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:25:36 GMT

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*[[Ringette]] (362 views)
*[[Articles]] (360 views)
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*[[Computer Platforms]] (269 views)
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*[[Financial Services]] (269 views)
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*[[Knitting]] (269 views)
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----
See also:
* [[Key-phrase.com]]
* [[Key-Phrase FAQ]]
* [[Popular Key-phrase pages]]
* [[Key-Phrase Project]]

Key-phrase.com

Michael — Thu, 09 Dec 2010 23:50:58 GMT

Summary:

Main sections:
[http://keywen.com/en/SPECIAL_RECENTCHANGES/ Recent changes],
[http://keywen.com/en/SPECIAL_ALLPAGES/ All pages], [http://keywen.com/en/NEW_ORDERS/ New orders],
[[Content Writing Service]],
[http://key-phrase.com/en/MAIN_PAGE/ Mirror page]
[http://keywen.com/en/MAIN_PAGE/ [2]],
[http://keywen.com/ru/Zaglavnaya_stranitsa (Русский проект,] [http://keywen.com/ru/Sluzhebnaya_Recentchanges правки)], [http://key-phrase.com/ Key-phrase.com],
[http://keywen.com/ Keywen.com]

----
----
See activity of new users in [[Interesting Changes]] ([[Permanent Cosmetics]], [[Tattoo]])

----
----
Welcome to [http://www.keywen.com www.keywen.com] and [http://www.key-phrase.com www.key-phrase.com] - a high rating web sites
that contains hundreds of thousand of encyclopedia articles.
These sites are specially created for:
* Authors of business projects,
* Authors of scientific projects,
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* and also for everyone who would like to participate in these projects.

Here you can publish your articles, books
(examples in Russian [http://www.keywen.com/ru/Zapiski_Shkipera/index.mht],
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to receive feedback and to find adherents, participants and sponsors.

You can develop without any time limits your projects, everything is free.
We will help you to write your articles ([[Content Writing Service]])
and to advertise your business, books and projects, see [[Advertising project]].

Those articles that you will publish and link with your main article
will be your territory and your intellectual property.
On your territory you can establish yours rules and laws, for example,
to allow others the grammatic editing of your texts or not.

Here everyone should obey some [[general rules]], for example, to be polite, to respect each other, not to allow personal attacks, to name article according to its contents etc.
We are self-organizing community,
so we can improve our rules and our law in the way that is convenient for us.

Our main principle is to respect the intellectual property of others and the copyrights law.
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Please [http://keywen.com/KB/comments.php send us email] with your login and we create password for you.

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add your name to the list of participants
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After that you can click on your name and edit your main article.

Sincerelly,

Key-Phrase Support

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Please add your project to our list
(click on "Edit" and write, then clik on "Save page")

[[List of our projects]] ([[WikiPatent]],
[[Content Writing Service]])

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Please see our Russian Project
[http://keywen.com/ru/Zaglavnaya_stranitsa (Русский проект], [http://keywen.com/ru/Sluzhebnaya_Recentchanges правки])
----

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Categories:
[[Arts]],
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----
See also:
* [[Key-Phrase FAQ]]
* [[Key-phrase.com]]
* [[Popular Key-phrase pages]]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEYWEN_FAQ Keywen FAQ] [http://keywen.com (Keywen.com)]
* [[Key-Phrase Project]]

---------------
01:26, 24 June 2009 WikiSysop

K:IPN

Michael — Sun, 03 Oct 2010 16:27:21 GMT

Summary:

IPN

Instant Payment Notification

IPN script

IPN notifications

IPN validation

IPN validation process

IPN validation process with cURL

IPN Process

Paypal IPN with PhP

PayPal IPN script

PayPal IPN

PHP Paypal IPN

PHP Paypal IPN Integration

PayPal payments with IPN

PayPal payments

aPapi

Ecommerce with PayPal and PHP

PayPal SDK

PayPal SDK for PHP

PHP Payment Library for Paypal

Paypal verification server

Paypal API

PayPal Sourceforge

PayPal Sourceforge Project

PHP Toolkit

Secure Merchant ID

Buy Now Button

Payment Button

Dynamic PayPal buttons

Merchant Service

notification URL

K:Fear

Michael — Thu, 16 Sep 2010 00:04:21 GMT

Summary:

fear

panic

anxiety

worry

phobia

angst

dread

terror

fright

trepidation

disquietude

foreboding

the creeps

the jitters

heebie-jeebies

freaking out

perceived threat

threat

threats

danger

Essential Emotion

Mind

Brain

Memory

Emotions

Decisions

Psychologists

psychologist

John Watson

fear-association response

rats

cats

amygdala

injured amygdala

cluster of neurons

Blanchard

Robert Blanchard

set of behaviors

behavior

potential threat

active threat

Dean Mobbs

neuroscientist

emotional responses

layered fear responses

fear responses

survival-themed video game

fMRI scanner

virtual predator

electric shock

primal feeling

intense feelings

skin conductance

panic attacks

panic response

victim

Brain researchers

brain regions

brain regions shut down

amygdala

lie detector

midbrain

midbrain regions

periaqueductal gray

periaqueductal gray region

anatomy of fear

fear-driven

fear-driven behavior

fear-driven sequence of behavior

quick response

fight or flight

forebrain

no time for thinking

predator-defense

predator-defense circuit

misfiring

imagine threats

misjudge threats

early-warning

early-warning system

chronic anxiety

panic disorders

fear-related disorders

predator game

Social phobia

social anxiety

Agoraphobia

shortness of breath

discomfort

transcendent emotion

irrational fear

confusion

unease

------

Glossary of Greatest thinkers

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:37:44 GMT

Summary:

==ALBERT EINSTEIN==

Albert [[Einstein]] was a beautiful man, wise and moral, who lived in difficult times.
[http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Theology-Albert-Einstein.htm]

Albert [[Einstein]] was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his (and his wife’s?) 1905 explanation of the Photoelectric Effect.
[http://www.aip.org.au/wyop2005/events.php?state=QLD]

Albert [[Einstein]] was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in London in a ceremony on Monday, November 30, 1925.
[http://www.einstein-website.de/z_information/honours.html]

Albert [[Einstein]] was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the year 1921.
[http://www.einstein-website.de/z_information/honours.html]

Albert [[Einstein]] was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879.
[http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html]

Albert [[Einstein]] was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Germany.
[http://home.pacbell.net/kidwell5/aebio.html]

Albert [[Einstein]] was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Wurttemberg, Germany.
[http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96mar/einstein.html]

Albert [[Einstein]] was correct: The answer is an extremely simple and relatively easy to understand unified principle.
[http://www.crank.net/einstein.html]

Albert [[Einstein]] was exhausted.
[http://www.firstscience.com/site/articles/alberteinstein1.asp]

Albert [[Einstein]] was one of the founders of the Hebrew University.
[http://www.einsteinjahr.de/index.php?id=126]

Albert [[Einstein]] was one of the greatest minds in world history.
[http://home.pacbell.net/kidwell5/aebio.html]

Albert [[Einstein]]: The biography of Albert [[Einstein]].
[http://www.the-atec.org/resource.asp?subb=17]

Albert [[Einstein]]: a biography, Albrecht Folsing, translated from German by Ewald Osers, Penguin Books, 1997.
[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2005/23mar_spacealien.htm]

For example, the name "Albert [[Einstein]]" refers to a famous scientist.
[http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/pl/singular.php]

==ANTINOMIES==

Antinomies are conflicting statements both of which appear to be validated by reason.
[http://www.answers.com/topic/critique-of-practical-reason]

Antinomies are theories which contradict each other, each one, at the same time, being as capable of demonstration as the other.
[http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/texts/Weber%20-%20History/kant.htm]

==ARCHIMEDES==

Archimedes is one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
[http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/archimedes.htm]

Archimedes is probably also the first mathematical physicist on record, and the best before Galileo and [[Newton]].
[http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/archimedes.htm]

==ARISTOTLE==

[[Aristotle]] is a much studied philosopher today, as well as debated and scrutinized.
[http://faculty.ehshouston.org/kshaffer/ethics/Bio%20Web%20Pages%20F03/Bio%20Web%20F03/Bio%20Web%20S05/aristotle.htm]

[[Aristotle]] is a smart man.
[http://faculty.ehshouston.org/kshaffer/ethics/Bio%20Web%20Pages%20F03/Bio%20Web%20F03/Bio%20Web%20S05/aristotle.htm]

[[Aristotle]] is a star over the ages; he who sometimes widely studies rose and fell; however unlike Plato, who always had a bright star.
[http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~dhutchin/j9b.htm]

[[Aristotle]] is a this-worldly metaphysician who avowedly rejects mysticism and skepticism in epistemology.
[http://usabig.com/autonomist/articles/aristotle.html]

==BACH==

[[Bach]] is the beginning and end of all music.
[www.spiritsound.com/bachquotes.html]

[[Bach]] is a strange mixture of the meta-physical and the emotional, a fitting father-figure to classical music.
[arts.guardian.co.uk/bach/story/0,,1665204,00.html]

[[Bach]] is a test for singers. His vocal writing is different from that in other choral works such as the Mozart or Verdi requiems.
[www.sptimes.com/2004/11/04/Floridian/The_crowning_glory_of.shtml]

==BEETHOVEN==

[[Beethoven]] is a transistion figure in the history of western music.
[www.its.caltech.edu/~tan/BeethovenMissaSolemnis/background_on_beethoven.html]

[[Beethoven]] is a nice little dog flick with names such as Charles Grodin, Bonnie Hunt, and Dean Jones.
[www.imdb.com/title/tt0103786/usercomments]

[[Beethoven]] is a rocket to Mars (the God O' War planet, by the way, and not for nothing do I make that comment), and Mozart is a finely-tuned Ferrari.
[blogcritics.org/archives/2003/09/23/005129.php]

==BELINSKY==

Belinsky was a socialist, as was [[Dostoevsky]].
[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~karamazo/bio_all.html]

Belinsky was a socialist, as was [[Dostoevsky]]. But the difference between the two was profound.
[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~karamazo/bio02.html]

==CONTRADICTION==

Contradiction is a propelling power of philosophical thinking.
[http://www.csudh.edu/phenom_studies/europ19/lect_4.html]

In colloquial speech and in dialectical methodology, the word "contradiction" has a completely different meaning than in formal logic.
[http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/encyclopedia/n/ne/nevertheless.html]

==DOSTOEVSKY==

[[Dostoevsky]] is a big favorite of mine, but it's odd to think of him as an influence.
[http://www.asiasource.org/news/special_reports/ishiguro.cfm]

[[Dostoevsky]] is a genius. It took me some time to get the hang of it, but once it got going, I was enthralled.
[http://shows.vtheatre.net/devils/title.html]

[[Dostoevsky]] is a great author.
[http://home.earthlink.net/~cbduncan/TheBrothersKaramazov.htm]

[[Dostoevsky]] is a political thinker.
[http://www.claremont.org/writings/crb/fall2002/westdosto.html]

[[Dostoevsky]] is a relatively small hotel, located on the territory of the trading center Vladimirsky Passage.
[http://www.hotelsinrussia.com/stpeter/dostoevsky]

[[Dostoevsky]] was a populist, but he never portrays the people.
[http://www.krotov.info/engl/berdyaev/1918_294.html]

[[Dostoevsky]] was an anti-Platonist.
[http://www.krotov.info/engl/berdyaev/1918_294.html]

[[Dostoevsky]] was arrested and imprisoned on April 23, 1849 for being a part of the liberal, intellectual group, the Petrashevsky Circle.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dostoevsky]

[[Dostoevsky]] was born 30 October 1821 according to the Julian Calendar, 11 November 1821 in the Gregorian calendar.
[http://www.answers.com/topic/fedor-dostoevsky]

[[Dostoevsky]] was born in Moscow, as the second son of a former army doctor.
[http://classicreader.com/author.php/aut.18]

[[Dostoevsky]] was born only three years after Turgenev and one year before Grigorovich.
[http://www.websher.net/srl/pere.html]

[[Dostoevsky]] was brought up in a middle class family.
[http://www.unsolvedmysteries.com/usm343048.html]

[[Dostoevsky]] was devastated by his wife's death in 1864, followed shortly thereafter by his brother's death.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dostoevsky]

[[Dostoevsky]] was ecstatic to see his work in print.
[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~karamazo/bio02.html]

[[Dostoevsky]] was educated at home and at a private school.
[http://www.readprint.com/author-31/Fyodor-Dostoevsky]

[[Dostoevsky]] was educated at home and at a private school. With his pious mother he made annual pilgrimages to the monastery of the Trinity and Saint Sergei.
[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/fdosto.htm]

[[Dostoevsky]] was embarrassed over the fact that he had once had to borrow money from Turgenev.
[http://www.tameri.com/csw/exist/by_others/Quarrington/dostoevsky02.htm]

[[Dostoevsky]] was heartbroken, but soon met Anna Snitkina, a twenty-year-old stenographer whom he married in 1867.
[http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/encyclopedia/f/fy/fyodor_dostoevsky.html]

[[Dostoevsky]] was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress, and a four-month investigation was conducted. Twenty-one of this group were sentenced to die.
[http://www.faithalone.org/journal/1997ii/Townsend.html]

==DOSTOYEVSKY==

Dostoyevsky was born and raised in Moscow by Russian Orthodox parents.
[http://www.answers.com/topic/fedor-dostoevsky]

Dostoyevsky was released from the prison camp in 1854; however, he was forced to serve as a soldier in a Siberian garrison for an additional five years.
[http://wpad.brandeis.edu/~teuber/dostoevskybio.html]

Dostoyevsky was sentenced to death, but was pardoned minutes before his execution and sent to Siberia for hard labor for ten years.
[http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2001_p6/baker_tf_pd.6/dostoevsky.htm]

Dostoyevsky was sentenced to four years at hard labor in a Siberian penal colony.
[http://www.answers.com/topic/fedor-dostoevsky]

Dostoyevsky: A Human Portrait. Knopf, 1961. Roe, Ivan.
[http://www.historyguide.org/europe/dostoevsky.html]

==FERMI==

Fermi was a man of enormous brilliance, mental agility and common sense.
[http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/fermi.htm]

Fermi was inseparable in childhood from his brother Giulio, who was just one year older.
[http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/fermi.htm]

==FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY==

Fyodor [[Dostoevsky]] is a toughie because of course he wrote in Russian, not English so the writing style you found annoying may have been the translator's.
[http://poisonkitchen.typepad.com/politics/2003/11/taking_a_quick_.html]

Fyodor [[Dostoevsky]] is a wonderful writer.
[http://www.theartery.org/simple/productions/notes/index.html]

Fyodor [[Dostoevsky]]: A Writer's Life.
[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~karamazo/bibliography.html]

Fyodor [[Dostoevsky]]: The Idiot The Brothers Karamasov Crime and Punishment The Possessed As above.
[http://geneva.rutgers.edu/src/faq/books.txt]

==GALILEO==

Galileo was an Italian mathematician, physicist and astronomer.
[http://www.manythings.org/voa/04/040914sn_t.htm]

Galileo was born in Pisa and his career coincided with that of Kepler.
[http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/galileo.htm]

Galileo was one of the first people to use the telescope to observe the sky.
[http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/galileo.htm]

Galileo was truly a revolutionary, but his revolution was not his advances in mathematics, instrumentation, nor in his experiments.
[http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/galileo.html]

==GOETHE==

[[Goethe]] is a major figure in Bakhtin's personal pantheon for reasons that are apparent in the fragment here translated.
[www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exbakess.html]

[[Goethe]] is a MAN, March 25, 2000 Although his writing is extremely important, [[Goethe]] made a mark also through his life and philosophy.
[www.amazon.com/gp/cdp/member-reviews/A38EMX4SA125YA/ref=cm_cr_auth/104-9431838-0769518]

[[Goethe]] was treated as a guest.
[www.gutenberg.net/etext04/7tbgt10.txt]

==GREATEST THINKERS==

Inspiring quotes from the minds of humanity's [[greatest thinkers]].
[greatminds.barzangi.com]

Who were some of the [[greatest thinkers]] of modern civilization? EDinformatics puts its list on the WEB.
[www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/gt.htm]

==HEGEL==

[[Hegel]] is a difficult philosopher to read.
[tousawlaw.ca/?p=10]

[[Hegel]] is one of my favorite philosophers.
[answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061201110224AAXwEtV]

[[Hegel]] was one of the first major critics of [[Kant]]'s philosophy.
[en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant]

==HENRI MATISSE==

Henri [[Matisse]] was Pablo Picasso's senior by twelve years, and the two men could not have been more different.
[http://www.matisse-picasso.com/artists]

Henri [[Matisse]] was born as the son of a grain merchant in the Picardy region of northern France. He studied law and worked as a law clerk.
[http://www.artelino.com/articles/henri_matisse.asp]

Henri [[Matisse]] was born at Le Cateau-Cambrésis in the North of France on December 31, 1869.
[http://www.abcgallery.com/M/matisse/matisse.html]

Henri [[Matisse]] was born in December of 1869 in Le Cateau, France.
[http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95dec/matisse.html]

Henri [[Matisse]] was employed as a lawyer’s clerk before switching to his art profession in 1890.
[http://wwar.com/masters/m/matisse-henri.html]

==IMMANUEL KANT==

Immanuel [[Kant]] is a deontologist which means he believed in a sense of 'duty' which one should follow on all occasions.
[http://pirate.shu.edu/~mckenndo/ethics-Kant-A%20Christian%20View.htm]

Immanuel [[Kant]] is a modern Idealist.
[http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/philblfs.html]

Immanuel [[Kant]] is one of the most famous philosophers of the Enlightenment.
[http://www.philosophos.com/philosophy_article_103.html]

Immanuel [[Kant]] is one of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western philosophy.
[http://www.iep.utm.edu/k/kantmeta.htm]

Immanuel [[Kant]] was born at Königsberg in East Prussia, 22 April, 1724; died there, 12 February, 1804.
[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08603a.htm]

Immanuel [[Kant]] was born in Koenigsberg, East Prussia, in 1724; he lived in the same city until his death, in 1804.
[http://www4.hmc.edu:8001/humanities/beckman/philnotes/kant.htm]

Immanuel [[Kant]] was born into a working class family in the Prussian port of Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad).
[http://www.sfcp.org.uk/kant.htm]

Immanuel [[Kant]] was born on 22 April 1724 in Königsberg, the capital of East Prussia.
[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/DB047SECT1]

Immanuel [[Kant]] was born on April 22, 1724 at Königsberg in East Prussia and lived his whole life there.
[http://www.san.beck.org/GPJ15-Rousseau,Kant.html]

Immanuel [[Kant]] was such a philosopher.
[http://plusroot.com/page.html?a=129]

Immanuel [[Kant]] was the paradigmatic philosopher of the European Enlightenment.
[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/DB047]

==ISAAC NEWTON==

Isaac [[Newton]] was born in the manor house of Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire.
[http://www.gap-system.org/~history/Biographies/Newton.html]

==JUNG==

[[Jung]] is a deeper thinker, and I think not reductive like [[Freud]] and Adler tended to be. He makes no claim to dogmatism or absolutes.
[http://www.amazon.com/Modern-Search-Soul-Harvest-Book/dp/0156612062]

[[Jung]] is a financial investment advisor with over 25 years of experience and has been admitted to the Registry of Financial Planning Practitioners.
[http://www.jungfinancial.com/principals.asp]

[[Jung]] was a great psychologist and psychiatrist that changed the ways of psychology today.
[http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/fghij/jung_carl.html]

[[Jung]] was a master at creating obscure, scientific-sounding concepts, usually adapted from occultic literature.
[http://www3.bc.sympatico.ca/st_simons/arm03.htm]

==KANT==

[[Kant]] is a giant of Western philosophy.
[www.amazon.com/Kants-Critical-Philosophy-Doctrine-Faculties/dp/0816614369]

[[Kant]] is the primary proponent in history of what is called deontological ethics.
[www.iep.utm.edu/k/kantmeta.htm]

[[KANT]] is a software package for mathematicians interested in algebraic number theory.
[www.math.tu-berlin.de/~kant/kash.html]

==KARL MARX==

Karl Marx was Germany's most influential economical philosopher.
[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~karamazo/influences.html]

Karl Marx was a philosopher, economist, and revolutionary leader.
[http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/a/n/and119/art002/assignment7.htm]

==LEIBNIZ==

Leibniz was a first-class mathematician and scientist.
[http://www.island-of-freedom.com/LEIBNIZ.HTM]

Leibniz was also an excellent philosopher whose metaphysical system is peculiarly interesting in that it can be interpreted as a system of logical doctrines.
[http://www.island-of-freedom.com/LEIBNIZ.HTM]

Leibniz was born in Leipzig and educated at the universities of Leipzig, Jena, and Altdorf.
[http://www.island-of-freedom.com/LEIBNIZ.HTM]

Leibniz was dissatisfied with the "new philosophy" since Descartes and with the concepts of absolute space, time and matter of Newtonian mechanics.
[http://www.island-of-freedom.com/LEIBNIZ.HTM]

Leibniz was not alone in such an appraisal of Boyle's efforts.
[http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/galileo.html]

==MOZART==

Mozart is the most beautiful, Rossini the most brilliant, but [[Bach]] is the most comprehensive: he has said all there is to say.
[http://www.spiritsound.com/bachquotes.html]

Mozart was First, [[Beethoven]] was New and Improved. [[Beethoven]] is Man, Mozart is Child.
[http://blogcritics.org/archives/2003/09/23/005129.php]

Mozart was able to get on a train, a few hours later get off with a whole opera composed in his head.
[http://www.its.caltech.edu/~tan/BeethovenMissaSolemnis/background_on_beethoven.html]

Mozart was happy, cheerful, and not very responsible with money.
[http://www.empire.k12.ca.us/capistrano/Mike/capmusic/classical/beethoven/beethove.htm]

Mozart was very impressed with the young teen's talent. He told people to keep and eye on this young man.
[http://www.empire.k12.ca.us/capistrano/Mike/capmusic/classical/beethoven/beethove.htm]

==NIETZSCHE==

Nietzsche was strongly influenced by Arthur Schopenhauer and his concept of "the Will to live".
[http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/nietzsche.htm]

Nietzsche was stupid and abnormal.
[http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/l/leo_tolstoy.html]

Nietzsche was vehemently opposed to Christianity, and by extension, to Plato's most basic of ideas.
[http://platopapers.com/plato_list.html]

Nietzsche: The Great Philosophers; Schacht, Richard <trans/ed.
[http://www.tameri.com/csw/exist/sources.shtml]

==PLATO==

Plato is the first philosopher to theorize about archetypes.
[http://www.wku.edu/~jan.garrett/jung.htm]

Plato was [[Aristotle]]’s teacher for his early years.
[http://faculty.ehshouston.org/kshaffer/ethics/Bio%20Web%20Pages%20F03/Bio%20Web%20F03/Bio%20Web%20S05/aristotle.htm]

Plato was born in Athens, into a moderately well-to-do aristocratic family.
[http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/plato.htm]

Plato was born in Athens.
[http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Plato.htm]

Plato was fond of mathematics because of its idealized abstractions and its separation from the merely material.
[http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/plato.html]

Plato was not in Athens, but rather he was on his first visit to Syracuse.
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Aristotle.html]

Plato was not satisfied that we can know anything about the objects that we experience because these objects are in constant change.
[http://www4.hmc.edu:8001/humanities/beckman/philnotes/kant.htm]

==SCHELLING==

Schelling was a philosopher beloved by us, and this remained so throughout the XIX Century.
[http://www.berdyaev.com/berdiaev/berd_lib/1930_345.html]

Schelling was a professor of philosophy at the University of Jena and had published five books.
[http://www.tameri.com/csw/exist/hegel.shtml]

Schelling was forced to leave Jena in 1803, after falling in love with the wife of a well-known scholar.
[http://www.tameri.com/csw/exist/hegel.shtml]

Schelling was given the task of stopping the spread of the radical Hegelian contagion.
[http://www.wsws.org/articles/2006/may2006/rock-m02.shtml]

==SCHILLER==

Schiller was on his way to the theater, whither [[Goethe]] was too ill to accompany him.
[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext04/7tbgt10.txt]

Schiller was the first to recover, and, visiting [[Goethe]] in his sick room, fell on his neck and kissed him with intense emotion.
[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext04/7tbgt10.txt]

==SCHOPENHAUER==

Schopenhauer was also one of the first philosophers since the days of Greek philosophy to address the subject of male homosexuality.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer]

Schopenhauer was convinced to have good reason to mistrust the writings of [[Hegel]].
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer]

Schopenhauer was perhaps even more influential in his treatment of man's mind than he was in the realm of philosophy.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer]

==SIGMUND FREUD==

Sigmund [[Freud]] is a seminal figure in the history of human thought.
[http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/religion/blrel_freud.htm]

Sigmund [[Freud]] is a significant contributor in the history of ideas.
[http://featured.writingup.com/celebritytalk/poking_the_unconscious_of_writingup_or_freud_is_a_coke_head]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was a Viennese physician and the founder of Psychoanalysis.
[http://www.kheper.net/topics/psychology/Freud.html]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was also both a blood uncle and an uncle-in-law to public relations and propaganda wizard Edward Bernays.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freud]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was also interested in the subconcious mind, in particular the dream state.
[http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Freud,_Sigmund]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was born May 6, 1856, in a small town -- Freiberg -- in Moravia.
[http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/freud.html]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1856.
[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhfreu.html]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was born in what is now Czechoslovakia.
[http://www.ukapologetics.net/truthaboutfreud.html]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was born of Jewish parentage in Freiburg, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic), the first of seven children.
[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/freud.htm]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was born on May 6, 1856 at Freiberg, Moravia, now Pribor in the Czech Republic.
[http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96may/freud.html]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was born on May 6, 1856 in a small town named Freiberg, Morovia.
[http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Freud,_Sigmund]

Sigmund [[Freud]] was in the midst of creating, what would become, the field of psychology and thus, psychoanalysis.
[http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/annafreud.html]

==SOCRATES==

Socrates was the teacher of Plato, who was the teacher o [[Aristotle]], who was the teacher of Alexander the Great.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Aristotle]

-------
Last modified: December 11, 2006.

[http://keywen.com/en/GLOSSARY_OF_GREATEST_THINKERS Mirror page]
[[Keywords:Glossary_of_Greatest_thinkers|Keywords and Queries (Order)]]

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Opt-In Email.com said it can deliver more than 500,000 unique user messages per hour and to date has delivered more than 1.3 billion e-mails.
[http://www.clickz.com/news/article.php/12_252191]

Use the marketing strategies we discuss in the various sections of this site - opt-in email lists, FFAs, Classified Ad sites, banner advertising etc.
[http://www.moytura.com/internetmarketing/affiliates1.htm]
==ASKED==

Please click here to view our permission based opt-in email marketing frequently asked questions.
[http://www.wspromotion.com/newsletter.html]

Unlike any other media, opt-in email is sent only to individuals who have asked to receive information about their specific areas of interest.
[http://www.justleads.net/id3.html]
==Categories==
Categories: [[Computers]]>[[Internet]]>[[E-mail]]>[[Marketing]]>[[opt-in email]]

Subcategories: [[Opt-in Email]]; [[Email Marketing]]; [[Provides Affordable]]; [[Email List]]; [[Direct]]; [[Marketing Services]]; [[Marketing Campaigns]]; [[Highly Effective]]; [[Email Advertising]]; [[Offers Opt-in]]; [[Marketing Resource]]; [[Targeted Opt-in]]; [[Target Audience Through]]; [[Email Addresses]]; [[Own Opt-in]]; [[Providing Opt-in]]; [[Asked]];

-------
Last modified: May 14, 2006.

Links checked: July 10, 2006.

[http://keywen.com/en/OPT-IN_EMAIL Mirror page]
[[Keywords:opt-in_email|Keywords and Queries (Order)]]

Keywords:Internet backbone

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:24:23 GMT

Summary:

Internet backbone

backbone of the internet

"IP connectivity" backbone

"Tier 1 provider" backbone

"fiber networks" backbone

Internet Transit provider

PowerNet Global Corporation

"IP provider" backbone

Backbones "Internet"

telecommunications companies

telecommunications company

communications company

Sprint "telecommunication"

MCI "telecommunication"

AT&T "telecommunication"

"Internet access provider" Backbone

"data center infrastructure" Backbones

"GNAX network" Backbones

"PCCW Global" Backbones

"TeliaSonera" Backbones

Peering "Backbones"

Qwest "Backbones"

Broadband "Backbones"

Speakeasy "Backbones"

"Gigabit Ethernet" "Backbones"

Gbps "Backbones"

Tiscali International Network

UUNet "backbone"

VSNL "backbone"

Internet Backbone Connection

"Global Network" Backbone

internet backbone map

Internet Backbone Maps

Internet Backbone Growth

Internet Backbone Network

Internet Backbone Networks

Internet backbone service

Internet backbone operator

Internet backbone operators

Asia Internet Backbone

"fiber optic cables" "Backbone"

Savvis "Internet backbone"

nLayer "Internet backbone"

"nLayer Communications" "backbone"

"BTN network" "backbone"

ServerCentral "Internet backbone"

"Server Central Network" "backbone"

Aleron "Internet backbone"

NAC "Internet backbone"

"NAC network" "backbone"

"NAC datacenter" "backbone"

Tiscali "Internet backbone"

Cogent "Internet backbone"

AboveNet "Internet backbone"

"ATT network" "Internet backbone"

WVFIber "Internet backbone"

"Global Crossing" "backbone"

datacenter "Internet backbone"

Keywords:Social Networks

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:23:33 GMT

Summary:

Social Network

Social Networks

Social Network Software

"privacy settings"

"filtering mechanism" "Social Network"

"personal information" "Social Network"

"trading" "personal information"

"personal information" "trading"

"Closed platform" "Social Network"

Social Networking Site

Social Network Site

Social network sites

Facebook "Social Network"

Mark Zuckerberg

MySpace "Social Network"

Bebo "Social Network"

Friendster "Social Network"

UCINET "social network"

YouTube "social network"

Web sharing site

Social Network Fragments

social network operating system

Augmented Social Network

collaborative nature of the Internet

collaborative nature

map of the relationships

map of relationships

social structure

social graph

SocialEngine

social network platform

Social Network PHP Script

"Chat rooms" "social network"

"internet forums" "social network"

rating site

groups of friends

public space

analysis of social network

contextualized publics

self-made videos

copyrighted videos

copyrighted clips

communicating on the web

Professional Social Networking

Customizable online communities

online communities

online community

social networking hub

JAVA Social Software

community building

"3D Chat" "Social Network"

"Blogs" "Social Network"

"Video" "Social Network"

"Audio" "Social Network"

Social Network Analysis

Social network portability

Social Network Method

Social Network Methods

Online Social Network

next generation online community

SNSes "Social Network"

Public "Social Network"

Private "Social Network"

"Knowledge Tree" "Social Network"

social network service

"Google Groups" "Social Network"

Social Network Conference

"Terrorist Network" "Social Network"

Billion Social Network

"Publicity Network" "Social Network"

Open Social Network

Community Software

Social Network Fatigue

social network platform

Social Network Types

Social Network Motivations

Social Network Future

Social Network Snubbing

"Web Comunication" "Social Network"

Food Social Network

Social Networking Script

Keywords:Knowledge base

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:23:00 GMT

Summary:

Knowledge Base

knowledge bases

artificial intelligence

logic "knowledge base"

"computable models" "knowledge base"

PowerLoom "knowledge base"

authorship "knowledge base"

"authoritative articles" "knowledge base"

Learning "knowledge base"

knowledge-base

invention "knowledge base"

Ontologies "knowledge base"

reasoning "knowledge base"

PHPKB

Online Knowledge Base

Knowledge Base Software

Cyc Knowledge base

robust "knowledge base"

descriptor "knowledge base"

thesaurus "knowledge base"

expert "knowledge base"

experts "knowledge base"

"inference mechanism" "knowledge base"

"inference mechanism"

"inference" "knowledge base"

"Inference rule" "knowledge base"

Inference rule

Inference rules

Lore "knowledge base"

Knowledge Base Script

expert system

expert systems

knowledge base glossary

Semantic Search Knowledge Base

MozillaZine "Knowledge Base"

highly integrated knowledge base

integrated knowledge base

knowledge representation

knowledge base glossary

knowledgebase

Delphi Knowledge Base

Web Knowledge Base

knowledge base structure

ontology "knowledge base"

structure "knowledge base"

"classification scheme" "knowledge base"

Answers to the Questions

Answers "knowledge base"

"Semantic Search" "Knowledge Base"

object-oriented knowledge base

knowledge chunks

collaborative knowledge database

collaboration "knowledge database"

sharing knowledge

knowledge sharing

knowledge sharing platform

knowledge management system

knowledge management systems

knowledge management

Microsoft Knowledge Base

Delphi Multimedia Programming knowledge base

Netscape Knowledge Base

Medical genetics knowledge base

global knowledge base

Knowledge Base Systems

knowledge base management system

verbal knowledge base

knowledge base of chemistry

set of heuristics

set of rules

formal deterministic procedures

expert knowledge base

knowledge base for original thought

original thought

Knowledge Base Wiki

KNOL

Knols

Google Knol

Google Knowledge Base

Linux Knowledge Base

Knowledge Base article

Knowledge Base articles

Small Business Knowledge Base

Keywords:opt-in email

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:22:21 GMT

Summary:

[[Opt-in Email]]

[[opt-in email]]

Opt-In email marketing

opt-in email advertising

"email list" "Opt-In"

"email marketing" "Opt-In"

Opt-in email advertising

"email advertising" "Opt-In"

"email announcement" "Opt-In"

newsletters "Opt-In"

"benefit statement" "Opt-In"

"email list software" "Opt-In"

"email addresses" "Opt-In"

"email server" "Opt-In"

Bulk Email Marketing

Bulk Email Software

Bulk Email Sender

"bulk email" "without spamming"

"bulk emailer" "Opt-In"

Blacklist "email"

Broadcast "email" "Opt-In"

"email newsletter" "Opt-In"

"Email newsletters" "Opt-In"

"E-mail marketing" "Opt-In"

"Email addresses" "Opt-In"

"Email Sender" "Opt-In"

"Email sending" "Opt-In"

"Email Server" "Opt-In"

"E-mail spam" "Opt-In"

"Fake Mailer" "Opt-In"

IMAP "email" "Opt-In"

"Junk E-mail" "Opt-In"

"List owner" "Opt-In"

"Mailing list" "Opt-In"

"mail server" "Opt-In"

"Mass Mailer" "Opt-In"

"mass mailing" "Opt-In"

"mass email" "Opt-In"

MIME "email" "Opt-In"

"Open rate" "Opt-In"

Opt-In Bulk Email

Opt-In Email

Opt-out "email"

RSS "email" "Opt-In"

"Sender authentication" "Opt-In"

"Sending spam" "Opt-In"

"Sending UCE" "Opt-In"

Spamming "email" "Opt-In"

"Spam filtering" "Opt-In"

SPF "email" "Opt-In"

"SPF record" "Opt-In"

Spoofing "email" "Opt-In"

Signature "email" "Opt-In"

UCE "email" "Opt-In"

Keywords:Category Structure

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:21:31 GMT

Summary:

category diffusion

diffusion of category

diffusion of categories

Categories requiring diffusion

subcategory requiring diffusion

categories diffusions

"diffusion analysis" category

category management

Polyhierarchy

multi-hierarchy

Multi-hierarchy Selections

multi-hierarchy dimensions

multi-hierarchical ordering

multihierarchy

thesaurus

thesauri

Ontologies

Most Popular Categories

list of categories

root category

Web directory

hierarchical tree structure

Functors

Concept hierarchy

networked collection

set of related terms

related terms

concept map

set theory

graph theory

DMOZ categories structure

DMOZ category structure

Acyclic transitive relations

transitive relations

transitive relation

partual orders

partual order

Parent-child relationships

Parent-child relationship

is-a relationships

is-a relationship

implicit tree structures

broader category

parent category

parent categories

multi-parent structure

multi-parent relations

multi-parent categories

multi-parent classification

inter-relationships

simple ontology

categories with multiple parents

statistical rank-order correlation

rank-order correlation

implicit hierarchy

explicit hierarchy

intuitive category structure

well-organized category structure

good category structure

strong category structure

generic category structure

dmoz category structure

dmoz categories

categories structure

hierarchical ontology scheme

Gnuhoo ontology

Usenet ontology

ontology scheme

ontology

Usenet newsgroups

hierarchical classification

taxonomy

systematic arrangement

concepts categorization

concept categorization

hierarchical ordering

Web category structure

Common Category Structure

simple category structure

meaningful categories

categorization

Hierarchies

top level

top level categories

navigating

Basic navigation

Category-Based Web Navigation

category navigation

Web Navigation

Website Navigation

Website Navigation Tips

Related Categories

navigation functions

navigation links

WebSite Navigation

Effective Navigation

Quick Navigation

Category Navigation menu

Navigation menu

hierarchical navigation

Navigation structure

user-friendly navigation structure

Navigation Architecture

Navigation controls

Website Navigation Systems

Website Navigation System

Popular Categories

Most Popular Categories

Missing Navigation Links

Good navigation

Navigation Panel

Navigation Switches

Navigation aids

major categories

main categories

subcategories

Category Search

Prioritize

most important

quickly find information

Categorization and Navigation

primary category topic

category topic

Listings

category listings

Category Structure Generation

directory category structure

how to structure categories

Category Theory

directory

directory Structure

directory tree

directories

Role of Category Structure

Categories

keyword-rich categories

Lexical categories

Working With Categories

category trees

category tree

semantic categories

Sub-Category

Cross-Category Analysis

category table

Category Structure Table

pyramid structures

hierarchical structure

hierarchical category structure

hierarchical category structures

hierarchically organized

list of categories

structuring of categories

correlational structure

Organizational Theory

Human Information Processing

Information Processing

multi-hierarchy

hierarchy

category members

Keywords:Thinking

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:19:09 GMT

Summary:

thinkers

Critical thinking

Systems Thinking

Thinking like a Genius

Genius "Thinking"

Geniuses "Thinking"

learning "Thinking"

Cognition "Thinking"

concepts "Thinking"

Concept formation

Cognitive development

Conceptualization "Thinking"

Induction "Thinking"

Categorization "Thinking"

Creative Thinking

"Decision making" "Thinking"

"Problem solving" "Thinking"

Motivation "Thinking"

motivational thinking

Creative speaking

Speaking "Thinking"

writing "Thinking"

Thinking Writing

"Creative Writing" "Thinking"

orientation "Thinking"

"personal orientation" "Thinking"

control "Thinking"

self-control "Thinking"

"Behavior Control" "Thinking"

behavioural thinking

Action Control

Action-effect learning

Planning "Thinking"

strategic thinkers

Strategic Thinking

Thinking Strategically

Healthy Thinking

Mental Health

estimation "Thinking"

evaluation "Thinking"

possibility "Thinking"

Analysis "Thinking"

Analysis "understanding"

Synthesis "Thinking"

integrative thinking

comprehension "Thinking"

application "Thinking"

analytic thinking

Inspiration "Thinking"

Inspirational thinking

Innovative Thinking

learning "Thinking"

Cognition "Thinking"

Interdisciplinary Learning

remembering "Thinking"

Happiness "Thinking"

understanding "Thinking"

Perception "Thinking"

cognitive process

Positive Thinking

negative thinking

irrational thinking

rational thinking

Meditative Thinking

independent thinking

beliefs "Thinking"

belief "Thinking"

dreams "Thinking"

spiritual thinking

religious thinking

Imaginative Spirit

Dreaming "thinking"

divine inspiration

Big Picture thinkers

Drawing "Rudolf Steiner"

"Meditative Thinking" "Steiner"

imagination "Steiner"

"Imaginative Thinking" "Steiner"

intuition "Steiner"

intuitions "Steiner"

meditation "Steiner"

"spiritual thinking" "Steiner"

dreams "Steiner"

inspiration "Steiner"

desires "Steiner"

emotions "Steiner"

emotion "Steiner"

subconscious "Steiner"

"mental images" "Steiner"

"mental image" "Steiner"

Enlightenment "Steiner"

Drawing "Thinking"

Meditative Thinking

Imaginative Thinking

imagination "Thinking"

inspiration "thinking"

intuition "Thinking"

intuitions "Thinking"

meditation "thinking"

spiritual thinking

dreams "Thinking"

desires "Thinking"

emotions "Thinking"

emotion "thinking"

subconscious "thinking"

"mental images" "thinking"

"mental image" "thinking"

Enlightenment "thinking"

dreamlike thinking

Imaginative Thinking people

Imaginative Thinking professionals

imaginative thinking tools

analytical thinking

Imaginative Thinking

"Imaginative Thinking" "Rudolf Steiner"

dreamlike thinking

Emotional Thinking

Emotional Intelligence

Emotional Reasoning

Logical Thinking

Constructive Thinking

intuition "Thinking"

intuitions "Thinking"

"mental processes" Thinking"

consciousness "Thinking"

"Creative Ideas" "Thinking"

"Critical thinkers" "Thinking"

thinking culture

culture of thinking

intellect "Thinking"

"mental abilities" "Thinking"

"mental images" "Thinking"

non-verbal form of thinking

non-verbal thinking

verbal thinking

desires "Thinking"

emotions "Thinking"

deduction "Thinking"

thinking about thinking

Metacognition "Thinking"

non-linguistic thinking

Clear thinkers

non-critical thinkers

"mental process" "Thinking"

"cognitive operations" "Thinking"

Philosophers "Thinking"

Cognitive psychology

cognitive function

cognitive functions

Visual thinking

concepts "Thinking"

Concept formation

Organizing "Thinking"

Object recognition

similarity judgments

reasoning "Thinking"

Picture thinking

knowledge structures

selfknowledge "Thinking"

knowledge "Thinking"

Attention "Thinking"

algorithms "Thinking"

imagination "Thinking"

judgment "Thinking"

thought "Thinking"

thoughts "Thinking"

ideas "Thinking"

idea "Thinking"

Thinking Maps

integrate thinking skills

thinking skills

Computational Thinking

Collaborative Thinking

Selective thinking

invention "Thinking"

inventors "Thinking"

cogitation "Thinking"

act of thinking

mode of thinking

visual thinking

Problem Solving Skills

Problem Solving

design thinking

Thinking Reader

Thinking Writer

Creative Thinking Techniques

Wishful Thinking

SMART Thinking

Optimal Thinking

Probabilistic Thinking

Economic Thinking

School of Thinking

Responsible Thinking Process

Fresh Thinking

Thinking Faith

Teaching Thinking

Stories for Thinking

Poems for Thinking

Values for Thinking

New Thinking

Systematic Inventive Thinking

Systematic Thinking

Inventive Thinking

Thinking Technology

Object Thinking

lateral thinking

Thinking Together

Magical Thinking

spiritual thinking

Thinking Clearly

Mathematical Thinking

Making Thinking Visible

culture of thinking

thinking culture

everyday thinking

thoughtfulness "Thinking"

hypothesis "Thinking"

reason "Thinking"

evidence "Thinking"

perspective "Thinking"

"What if" "Thinking"

"What if not" "Thinking"

Thinking routines

Truth Driven Thinking

Truth-Driven Thinking

Truth "Thinking"

Lean Thinking

Algebraic Thinking

Fast Thinking

Thinking critically

Thinking Games

Thinking in Java

Directed Listening–Thinking Activity

Thinking Arts

statistical thinking

Visible Thinking

Deep Thinking

19th-century thinking

six levels of thinking

high-level thinking

THINKING ABOUT THINKING

psychology "Thinking"

"cognitive science" "Thinking"

reasoning "Thinking"

Stumbling on Happiness

Thinking Systems

Thinking Process

Thinking Processes

Thinking Christian

World Thinking Day

Thinking and Speaking

Thinking Business

creativity "Thinking"

innovation "Thinking"

Picture thinkers

unconscious thought

Keywords:Greatest novelists

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:18:02 GMT

Summary:

Greatest novelists

Greatest novelists are

Evelyn Waugh

Arthur Schnitzler

Thomas Mann

Stefan Zweig

Mikhail Lermontov

Ivan Bunin

Mihail Bulgakov

Leo Tolstoy

Miguel de Cervantes

Guy De Maupassant

Prosper Merimee

Anatole France

Giovanni Boccacio

Honore De Balzac

Schiller

Henrich Heine

Anton Chekhov

Nikolai Gogol

Charles Dickens

Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens

Lord Byron

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fyodor Dostoyevsky

William Shakespeare

Socrates

Alexander Pushkin

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin

Goethe

------------
------------
* [[Glossary of Greatest writers]]
* [[Glossary of Greatest thinkers]]
* [[Glossary of Greatest novelists]]
* [[Keywords:Glossary of Greatest thinkers]]
* [[Keywords:Greatest writers]]
* [[Keywords:Greatest novelists]]

Keywords:VPS

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:17:20 GMT

Summary:

VPS

CPanel "VPS"

"redundant connections" "VPS"

"Internet backbone" "VPS"

"dedicated server" "VPS"

VPS control panel

"Shared hosting" VPS

"dedicated hosting" "VPS"

"Virtual Hosting" VPS

Vizzo "VPS"

"control panel" "VPS"

Webmin "VPS"

"system administration" "VPS"

"root access" "VPS"

"virtual machine monitor" "VPS"

"VMM" "VPS"

Virtual private server

Virtual Dedicated Server

VPS Hosting

Xen "VPS"

Xen VPS

Xen Virtual Server

XenSource "VPS"

VPS package

VPS Servers

VPS Reviews

Cheap VPS

Vizzo "VPS"

Linux VPS

Windows VPS

Virtuozzo "VPS"

Plesk "Virtuozzo"

Plesk "control panel"

Plesk Control Panel

OPENVZ "Virtuozzo"

SWsoft "OpenVZ" "VPS"

managed VPS

What is VPS

VPS Forum

VPS web hosting

VPS tutorials

Bandwidth "VPS"

VPS technology

----
[http://www.keywen.com/en/VPS/ VPS]
- [http://www.keywen.com/en/GLOSSARY_OF_VPS/ Glossary of VPS]

Keywords:Greatest writers

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:16:14 GMT

Summary:

Greatest writers are

Greatest writer

Greatest novelists

Greatest poets

Great writer

Great writers are

Arthur Shopenhauer

Schiller

Henrich Heine

Anton Chekhov

Nikolai Gogol

Charles Dickens

Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens

Lord Byron

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fyodor Dostoyevsky

William Shakespeare

Socrates

Alexander Pushkin

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin

Goethe

------------
------------
* [[Glossary of Greatest writers]]
* [[Glossary of Greatest thinkers]]
* [[Keywords:Glossary of Greatest thinkers]]
* [[Glossary of Greatest novelists]]
* [[Keywords:Greatest novelists]]

Keywords:Glossary of Greatest thinkers

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 03:15:41 GMT

Summary:

[[Glossary of Greatest thinkers]]

Keywords:

Johann Sebastian Bach

Ludwig van Beethoven

David Hume

George Bernard Shaw

SHELLEY "Percy Bysshe Shelley"

Percy Bysshe Shelley

STEINER "Rudolf Steiner"

Rudolf Steiner

TESLA "Nikola Tesla"

Nikola Tesla

Meister Eckhart

Giordano Bruno

Angelus Silesius

Cardinal Nicolas of Cusa

Agrippa of Nettesheim

Theophrastus Paracelsus

Valentin Weigel

Jacob Boehme

HUME "David Hume"

KIERKEGAARD

PHILOSOPHY

PTOLEMY

SCHELLING

SCHILLER

SCHOPENHAUER "Arthur Schopenhauer"

Arthur Schopenhauer

SPINOZA

Jesus

Greatest thinkers are

Greatest thinker

Greatest painters are

Great writer

Famous writer

Greatest writer

Greatest writers are

Greatest genius

Greatest geniuses are

Greatest minds are

Greatest mind

Genius

Geniuses are

Collected Works are

Collected Works

Antinomies are

Contradiction

Contradictions are

Goethe "philosopher"

Hegel "philosopher"

William Shakespeare

Leonardo da Vinci

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Franz Kafka

Epicurus "philosopher"

Mozart "composer"

Leo Tolstoy

Karl Marx

Friedrich Nietzsche

Plato "philosopher"

Socrates "philosopher"

Albert Einstein

Sigmund Freud

Beethoven "composer"

Bach "composer"

Pythagoras "philosopher"

Thomas Edison

Immanuel Kant

Confucius "philosopher"

Nicolaus Copernicus

Chopin "composer"

Rembrandt

Richard Wagner "composer"

Cicero "philosopher"

Bertrand Russell

Leibniz

John Stuart Mill

Sofia Kovalevskaya

Maria Curie

Maya Chiburdanidze

George Sand

Blaise Pascal

Lord Byron "poet"

Carl Jung

Emerson "Ralph Waldo"

Benjamin Franklin

Charles Darwin

Dostoevsky "Fyodor Dostoevsky"

Kepler "Johannes Kepler"

Feynman "Richard Feynman"

Richard Feynman

Nietzsche "Friedrich"

Thomas Jefferson

Lucretius "philosopher"

Blaise Pascal

Andrei Sakharov

Sakharov "Andrei"

Shakespeare "William Shakespeare"

"Bernard Shaw" "George Bernard Shaw"

Tolstoy "Leo Tolstoy"

Mark Twain

Voltaire "philosopher"

Albert Einstein

Galileo Galilei

Henri Matisse

Kant "Immanuel Kant"

Isaac Newton

Marx "Karl Marx"

Freud "Sigmund Freud"

Aristotle "philosopher"

Franklin "Benjamin Franklin"

Charles Darwin

Kafka "Franz Kafka"

Franz Kafka

Jean-Paul Sartre

Martin Heidegger

Every day is a good day

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:13:05 GMT

Summary:

[[Every day is a good day]].

All days are good days.

== That's why ==

[[Everything will be OK]].

All will be good.

All will be OK.

Everything will be good.

The future will be fine.

------------
[[Logical and semantic links]]

Everything will be OK

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:12:41 GMT

Summary:

[[Everything will be OK]].

All will be good.

All will be OK.

Everything will be good.

The future will be fine.

== Because ==
[[Every day is a good day]].

All days are good days.

------------
[[Logical and semantic links]]

Logical and semantic links

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:12:15 GMT

Summary:

One of the main ideas of Key-Phrase Project is to show [[logical and semantic links]] between different key-phrases and to store the contribution of everybody who found such links (see [[WikiPatent]]).

Key-phrase relationships are links between key-phrases
that often describe synonyms, near-synonyms, functional, conceptual and hierarchical relations.

For example, the following key-phrases are synonyms:
* [[Everything will be OK]].
* All will be good.
* All will be OK.
* Everything will be good.
* The future will be fine.

One more example of synonymous relationships:
* [[Every day is a good day]].
* All days are good days.

Examples of non-synonymous relationships:
* [[Everything will be OK]], because [[every day is a good day]].
* [[Every day is a good day]] that's why [[everything will be OK]].
* [[Every day is a good day]] so [[everything will be OK]].

------------
See also:

[[Key-Phrase Project]]

[[Encyclopedia of Key-Phrases ]]

[[The Key Thesaurus]]

[[WikiPatent]]

-----
14:26, 1 December 2006 Michael

Encyclopedia of Key-phrases

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:11:37 GMT

Summary:

Encyclopedia of Key-phrases [http://key-phrase.com (key-phrase.com)] is a high rating website that contains hundreds of thousand of encyclopedia articles.

Encyclopedia of Key-phrases [http://key-phrase.com (key-phrase.com)] is a free, collaborative online encyclopedia.

Encyclopedia of Key-phrases [[Protection of the natural rights of authors|protects the natural rights of its authors]] including [[How to make money on Key-phrase.com|the right to make money using their intellectual property]].

See also [http://keywen.com/en/KEY-PHRASE_FAQ Key-Phrase FAQ].

[[Key-Phrase Project]] is a wiki project for development of Encyclopedia of Key-phrases.

One of the main ideas of [[Key-Phrase Project]] is to show [[logical and semantic links]] between different key-phrases and to store the contribution of everybody who found such links (see [[WikiPatent]]).

----

Main sections:
[http://key-phrase.com/en/GLOSSARIES/ Glossaries,]
[http://keywen.com/en/SPECIAL_RECENTCHANGES/ Recent changes,]
[http://keywen.com/en/SPECIAL_ALLPAGES/ All pages,] [http://keywen.com/en/NEW_ORDERS/ New orders,]
[http://keywen.com/ru/Zaglavnaya_stranitsa (Русский проект,] [http://keywen.com/ru/Sluzhebnaya_Recentchanges правки),]
[[Key-Phrase FAQ]],
[http://key-phrase.com/ Key-phrase.com]

----
Categories:
[http://key-phrase.com/en/GLOSSARIES Glossaries],
[[Arts]],
[[Business]],
[[Computers]],
[[Games]], [[Health]], [[Home]],
[[Kids and Teens]],
[[News]],
[[Recreation]],
[[Reference]],
[[Regional]],
[[Science]],
[[Shopping]],
[[Society]],
[[Sports]],
[[World]]

== Encyclopedia of Key-Phrases ==

Welcome to [http://www.key-phrase.com www.key-phrase.com] - a high rating '''advertising-free''' website
that contains hundreds of thousand of encyclopedia articles.
This site is specially created for:
* Authors of business projects,
* Authors of scientific projects,
* Authors of creative and art projects,
* and also for everyone who would like to participate in these projects.

Here you can publish your articles, books
(examples in Russian [http://www.keywen.com/ru/Zapiski_Shkipera/index.mht],
[http://www.keywen.com/ru/Formula_1_of_the_Oceans/index.htm]) and projects (see[http://www.keywen.com/ru/The_Russian_Project_for_VOR_2009-10/index_vor_project/slide0002.htm], [http://keywen.com/en/WIKIPATENT/])
to receive feedback and to find adherents, participants and sponsors.

You can develop without any time limits your projects, everything is free.
We will help you to write your articles ([[Free Keywen Writing Service]])
and to advertise your business, books and projects, see [[Keywen Advertising Project]].
We will help you because it helps us.
If we help each other then every author became stronger and can reach his goals. There is nobody except authors in our community.

Those articles that you will publish and link with your main article
will be your territory and your intellectual property.
On your territory you can establish yours rules and laws, for example,
to allow others the grammatic editing of your texts or not.
See details in the [[Key-Phrase FAQ]].

Here everyone should follow some [[General Rules]], for example, to be polite, to respect each other, not to allow personal attacks, to name article according to its contents etc.
We are self-organizing community,
so we can improve our rules and our law in the way that is convenient for us.

Our main principle is to respect the intellectual property of all authors and the copyrights law.
We believe that every comment and every article should have reference to their author.
We are sure, that it will be useful for authors and raise trust to their information.
This principle will increase the quality of the Encyclopedia of Key-Phrases.
Also this principle will help authors to make money.

To publish your information here is VERY SIMPLE - click on "'''Edit'''" button,
add your project to the [[list of our projects]]
(7 lines down), then click "'''Save page'''".
After that you can click on your project name and edit your main page.
----
Please add your project to our list
(click on "Edit" and write, then clik on "Save page")

[[List of our projects]] ([[WikiPatent]],
[[Free Keywen Writing Service]], ...)

Please register your name before editing (click on "Create an account or log in " in the right upper corner).

== Key-Phrase FAQ ==
* '''What is the [[Encyclopedia of Key-phrases]]'''

Encyclopedia of Key-phrases [http://key-phrase.com (key-phrase.com)] is a free, collaborative online encyclopedia.
Encyclopedia of Key-phrases [[Protection of the natural rights of authors|protects the natural rights of its authors]] including [[How to make money on Key-phrase.com|the right to make money using their intellectual property]].

* '''What is the [[Key-Phrase Project]]'''

Key-Phrase Project [http://key-phrase.com (key-phrase.com)] is a wiki project for development of [[Encyclopedia of Key-phrases]].
One of the main ideas of Key-Phrase Project is to show [[logical and semantic links]] between different key-phrases and to store the contribution of everybody who found such links (see [[WikiPatent]]).

* '''What is [[The Key Project]]'''

The Key Project [http://KeyProj.com (KeyProj.com)] is a wiki project for development of [[The Key Encyclopedia]], [[The Key Thesaurus]] and [[The Key Search Engine]].

* What is [[The Key Encyclopedia]]
* What is [[The Key Thesaurus]]
* What are the [[individual and collective articles on Key-phrase.com]]
* [[Equality of all ownership types on Key-phrase.com]]
* [[Articles, glossaries, discussions and other types of publications on Key-phrase.com]]
* [[How to edit an article]]
* '''[[How to add links to your site]]'''

Please, choose Key-phrase page where you would like to add a link. You can use [http://keywen.com Keywen search engine] to find this page. Read the page and [[How to edit an article|correct it]]. Please follow the rules, [[How to add links to your site|described here]].

* [[How to organize a project]]
* [[List of our projects]]
* [[How does Key-Phrase Project differ from Keywen]]
* [[How to become Editor-in-chief of Key-phrase.com]]
* [[How to make money on Key-phrase.com]]
* [[General Rules]]
* [[Protection of the natural rights of authors]]
* [[How to order new glossaries]], ([[Free Glossary Writing Service]])
* [[How to order new articles]], ([[Free Keywen Writing Service]])

See more at [[Key-Phrase FAQ]]

----

Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface]
and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help of Wiki software.

-----
See also:
* Russian Project [http://keywen.com/ru/Zaglavnaya_stranitsa (Русский проект], [http://keywen.com/ru/Sluzhebnaya_Recentchanges правки])
* [[Key-Phrase FAQ]]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEYWEN_FAQ Keywen FAQ] [http://keywen.com (Keywen.com)]
* [http://key-phrase.com/eng/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_Key-phrases Open Edition]
* [http://key-phrase.com Mirror][http://keywen.com/en/ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_KEY-PHRASES/ [2]]
----
15:40, 3 December 2006 Michael

Protection of the natural rights of authors

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:08:44 GMT

Summary:

[[Encyclopedia of Key-phrases]] protects the natural rights of its authors including [[How to make money on Key-phrase.com|the right to make money using their intellectual property]].

----
See also:
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEY-PHRASE_FAQ Key-Phrase FAQ] [http://key-phrase.com (Key-phrase.com)]
* [[How to make money on Key-phrase.com]]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEYWEN_FAQ Keywen FAQ] [http://keywen.com (Keywen.com)]
* [http://key-phrase.com/eng/index.php?title=Protection_of_the_natural_rights_of_authors Open Edition]
* [http://keywen.com/en/PROTECTION_OF_THE_NATURAL_RIGHTS_OF_AUTHORS/ Mirror page]

How to make money on Key-phrase.com

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:07:37 GMT

Summary:

Main authors have right to setup their advertising on the Keywen mirror of their publications.

----
See also:
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEY-PHRASE_FAQ Key-Phrase FAQ] [http://key-phrase.com (Key-phrase.com)]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEYWEN_FAQ Keywen FAQ] [http://keywen.com (Keywen.com)]
* [http://key-phrase.com/eng/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_Key-phrases Open Edition]
* [http://keywen.com/en/ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_KEY-PHRASES/ Mirror page]

How does Key-Phrase Project differ from Keywen

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:06:49 GMT

Summary:

[[Encyclopedia of Key-phrases]] (key-phrase.com) is an advertising-free website.
[[Encyclopedia of Keywords]] (keywen.com) is selling advertising to make money for Keywen's authors.

----
See also:
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEY-PHRASE_FAQ Key-Phrase FAQ] [http://key-phrase.com (Key-phrase.com)]
* [[Key-Phrase Project]]
* [[Keywen Project]]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEYWEN_FAQ Keywen FAQ] [http://keywen.com (Keywen.com)]
* [http://key-phrase.com/eng/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_Key-phrases Open Edition]
* [http://keywen.com/en/ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_KEY-PHRASES/ Mirror page]

Articles, glossaries, discussions and other types of publications on Key-phrase.com

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:05:52 GMT

Summary:

There are many types of publications that are welcome on Key-Phrase.com. For example:
* [[KP Articles|Articles]]
* [[KP Glossaries|Glossaries]]
* [[KP Dialogues|Dialogues]]
* [[KP Projects|Projects]]
* [[KP Books|Books]]
* [[KP Poems|Poems]]
* [[KP Picture galleries|Picture galleries]]
* [[KP Categories|Categories]]
* [[KP Discussions|Discussions]]
* [[KP Lists|Lists]]
* [[KP Ratings|Ratings]]
* [[KP Keywords|Keywords]]
*, etc.

The number of publication types is not limited.
Each type of publications should have the description (requirements of that type).
Each publication of any type should correspond to requirements of its type.

The type of any publication should be clear from the title of this publication.
If the publication type is not specified in the title, then the publication is considered an article.
An article should begin with a good definition of the term in the title (if it's possible).

The title of any publication should be relevant to its content.
The content of any publication should be relevant to its title.

----
See also:
* [[Key-Phrase FAQ]]
* [http://Key-phrase.com Key-phrase.com]

-----
22:00, 2 December 2006 Michael

Equality of all ownership types on Key-phrase.com

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:05:18 GMT

Summary:

All ownership types (individual, collective and public) of publications are equal and have no advantage on each other.

In particular, the principle of equality means, that collective articles have no advantage on individual articles.

The purpose of this rule is to allow Key-phrase authors to express their own opinions.

----
See also:
* [[Key-Phrase FAQ]]
* [http://Key-phrase.com Key-phrase.com]

-----
21:47, 2 December 2006 Michael

Individual and collective articles on Key-phrase.com

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:04:53 GMT

Summary:

Both individual and collective articles are allowed on Key-phrase.com (KP).

The purpose of this rule is to allow KP authors to express their own opinions.
Below are some formal definitions that protect this right of the authors.

The authors of KP article are all KP users, who ever edit this article (and had rights to do so).
Every KP article is the intellectual property of its authors.

Main Author of KP article is the author who created this article and put his/her name at the top of the article at the time of creation.

Main author has an advantage in the decision-making process concerning the article.
For example, Main Author can allow others to edit the article or not.
Also Main Author has the right to delete edits of other users.
Main Author is the manager of collaborative writing process.
The role of Main Author is similar to the role of blog owners or project managers.

Individual article is an article that has one Main Author.

Collective article is an article that has several Main Authors.

If at creation of KP article the Main Authors are not specified, such article is considered to be Open or Public.

Sometimes the articles of different authors can have the same title.
In this case all these articles are published in the same page (the hosting page).

It can happen that there are too many articles with the same title and there is not enough space on one hosting page for all of them. In this case:
* all these articles are moved to another pages with new longer names (synonyms)
* only quotes from these articles are published in the main hosting page
* links are made from the hosting page to full versions of the articles.
Similar reductions of articles are often used in the main pages of newspapers and Internet portals.

----
See also:
* [[Key-Phrase FAQ]]
* [http://Key-phrase.com Key-phrase.com],

-----
21:43, 2 December 2006 Michael

The Key Thesaurus

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:04:19 GMT

Summary:

The Key Thesaurus is the thesaurus of keywords, key-phrases and key ideas.

One of the main ideas of The Key Thesaurus is to show [[logical and semantic links]] between different keywords and key-phrases and to store the contribution of everybody who found such links (see [[WikiPatent]]).

----
See also:
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEY-PHRASE_FAQ Key-Phrase FAQ] [http://key-phrase.com (Key-phrase.com)]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEYWEN_FAQ Keywen FAQ] [http://keywen.com (Keywen.com)]
* [http://key-phrase.com/eng/index.php?title=The_Key_Thesaurus Open Edition]
* [http://keywen.com/en/THE_KEY_THESAURUS/ Mirror page]

-----
15:13, 3 December 2006 Michael

Key-Phrase Project

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:03:48 GMT

Summary:

Key-Phrase Project [http://key-phrase.com (key-phrase.com)] is a wiki project for development of [[Encyclopedia of Key-phrases]].

One of the main ideas of Key-Phrase Project is to show [[logical and semantic links]] between different key-phrases and to store the contribution of everybody who found such links (see [[WikiPatent]]).

----
See also:
* [[Key-Phrase FAQ]]
* [[Key-phrase.com]]
* [[Popular Key-phrase pages]]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEYWEN_FAQ Keywen FAQ] [http://keywen.com (Keywen.com)]
* [http://key-phrase.com/eng/index.php?title=Key-Phrase_Project Open Edition]

-----
14:59, 3 December 2006 Michael

Encyclopedia of Key-Phrases

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:02:56 GMT

Summary:

Key-Phrase FAQ

Key-Phrase — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:01:30 GMT

Summary:

* What is the [[Encyclopedia of Key-Phrases]]
* What is the [[Key-Phrase Project]]
* What is [[The Key Project]]
* What is [[The Key Encyclopedia]]
* What is [[The Key Thesaurus]]
* What are the [[individual and collective articles on Key-phrase.com]]
* [[Equality of all ownership types on Key-phrase.com]]
* [[Articles, glossaries, discussions and other types of publications on Key-phrase.com]]
* [[How to edit an article]]
* [[How to add links to your site]]
* [[How to publish an article]]
* [[How to publish a book]]
* [[How to publish a poem]]
* [[How to organize a project]]
* [[List of our projects]]
* [[How does Key-Phrase Project differ from Keywen]]
* [[How to publish pictures]], ([[How to create a picture gallery]])
* [[How much space can I use on Key-phrase.com]]
* [[How to study using Key-phrase.com]]
* [[How to become Editor-in-chief of Key-phrase.com]]
* [[How to build intellectual capital]]
* [[How to write thousands of articles]]
* [[How to estimate the value of intellectual property]]
* [[How to estimate the contribution of each author]]
* [[How to make money on Key-phrase.com]]
* [[How to place advertising on Keywen.com]], ([[Advertising on Keywen.com]], [[Audience of Keywen.com]])
* [[General Rules]]
* [[Protection of the natural rights of authors]]
* [[How to get help with writing an article]]
* [[How to order new glossaries]], ([[Free Glossary Writing Service]])
* [[How to order new articles]], ([[Free Keywen Writing Service]])

-----
See also:
* [http://key-phrase.com Key-phrase.com]
* [http://keywen.com Keywen.com]
* [http://key-phrase.com/eng/index.php?title=Key-Phrase_FAQ Open Edition] [http://keywen.com/eng/index.php?title=Key-Phrase_FAQ [2]]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEY-PHRASE_FAQ/ Mirror]

-----
21:25, 2 December 2006 Michael

The Key Encyclopedia

Key-Phrase — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:59:05 GMT

Summary:

The Key Encyclopedia is the encyclopedia of keywords, key-phrases and key ideas.

----
See also:
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEY-PHRASE_FAQ Key-Phrase FAQ] [http://key-phrase.com (Key-phrase.com)]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEYWEN_FAQ Keywen FAQ] [http://keywen.com (Keywen.com)]
* [http://key-phrase.com/eng/index.php?title=The_Key_Encyclopedia Open Edition]
* [http://keywen.com/en/THE_KEY_ENCYCLOPEDIA/ Mirror page]

-----
14:35, 3 December 2006 Michael

The Key Project

Key-Phrase — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:58:16 GMT

Summary:

The Key Project [http://key-phrase.com (KeyProj.com)] is a wiki project for development of [[The Key Encyclopedia]], [[The Key Thesaurus]] and [[The Key Search Engine]].

----
See also:
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEY-PHRASE_FAQ Key-Phrase FAQ] [http://key-phrase.com (Key-phrase.com)]
* [http://keywen.com/en/KEYWEN_FAQ Keywen FAQ] [http://keywen.com (Keywen.com)]
* [http://key-phrase.com/eng/index.php?title=The_Key_Project Open Edition]
* [http://keywen.com/en/THE_KEY_PROJECT/ Mirror page]

-----
15:08, 3 December 2006 Michael

K:Speed Reading

Michael — Tue, 27 Jul 2010 12:30:04 GMT

Summary:

Speed Reading

Speed Reading Software

Reading Improvement

Reading Assessment

proficient reader

reading skills

speed-reading

Learn Speed Reading

Reading improvement software

reading assessment software

online reader software

online reader

reading fluency software

reading fluency

reading level

reading speed

reading comprehension

comprehension

read faster

information age

Subvocalization

pronouncing

Re-Reading

Regression

flashing word sets

Eye Fixation Time

Eye Fixation Zone

Re-Fixation Speed

READING IMPROVEMENT TOOL

PRODUCTIVITY TOOL

Reading Assessment Tool

Tachistoscope

Low Vision Aid

Memorization

Flash Card Tool

learning material

subconscious programming

subconscious

Foreign Languages Trainer

ESL Trainer

Dyslexia Aid

Eye Tracker

Eye Trainer Mode

PhotoReading Aid

Speed Reading Aid

Proficient Learning

reading potential

READING SKILLS

SPEED READING PROGRAMS

SPEED READING SKILLS

SPEED READING EXERCISES

SPEED READING BOOKS

SPEED READING BOOK

SPEED READING TECHNIQUES

SPEED READING TECHNIQUE

WORD-FOR-WORD READING

COMPREHENSION TESTS

SPEED READING TEST

GREATER COMPREHENSION

READING RATE

COMPREHENSION ABILITY

EYE FIXATION ZONE

SPEED READING TRAINING

SPEED READING CLASSES

SPEED READING COMPREHENSION

SUB-VOCALIZATION

SCANNING

AVERAGE READING SPEED

READING SPEED

MEMORIZATION

READING EXERCISES

SPEED READING TIPS

WPM

EYE TRACKING

CHUNKING

INFORMATION OVERLOAD

EFFICIENT SPEED READING

LEARNING DEVELOPMENT

SPEED READING SYSTEMS

SPEED READING TOOLS

SPEED-READ

EYE MOVEMENT

MIND MAPPING

HIGH COMPREHENSION

SKIMMING

LEARNING SPEED READING

READING FASTER

FAST READING

----
----

K:Market Research and Keyword Research

Sam — Wed, 02 Jun 2010 15:25:24 GMT

Summary:

Market Research

market analysis

KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD ANALYSIS

Informational keywords

Commercial keywords

profitable keywords

big picture

profitability

profitable markets

strong demand

seasonal trend

YouTube marketing

online marketing campaign

Market Research Industry

Market Research Industry Analysis

market intelligence

analysis

forecasts

market forecasts

market data

trends

market trends

market share

Market Statistics

Quantative Analysis

Marketing Research

Economic research

Niche Market

search marketing

Keyword Research

keyword market research

Market Research Analyst

analysis and forecasting

forecasting

predictions

Market research news

Structural Equation Modeling

interrelationships of variables

statistical technique

Concept Testing

product idea

Brand Equity

health of brands

competitive comparison

demand for a particular product

Conjoint Analysis

T.U.R.F. Analysis

data collection and analysis

client's expectations

relationship-based market research

Brand Institute

business strategy

gather information about markets

Canadian Statistics

Canadian Market Research Sources

seasoned research consultants

market intelligence leader

product's potential

MRIA

CMRE

Global market intelligence

How Market Research Works

target market

marketing research

market data

public opinion

strategic advice

market segmentation

market size

market growth

online market research

market research reports

labor market research

study of markets

study of groups of people

do-it-yourself market research

custom market research

Market Research Jobs

international market research

Business Insights

energy market analysis

energy market databases

Qualitative Market Research

market analysis reports

Life Expectancy

Replacement Market

Saturation Levels

Consulting

objective research

Stock Research

Stock Market Research

Market Research Tools

marketers

market research via online communities

online communities

KEYWORD RESEARCH

keyword intelligence

Keyword Discovery

Keyword Discovery Review

KEYWORD ANALYSIS

KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS

KEYWORD ELITE

KEYWORD RESEARCH SOFTWARE

KEYWORDS

ADWORDS KEYWORD TOOL

BASIC KEYWORD RESEARCH NEEDS

BEST-KNOWN KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS

BRAD CALLEN'S KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

DIFFERENT KEYWORDS

INITIAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

FINAL KEYWORDS

FREE KEYWORD TOOLS

GENERAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

GOOD KEYWORDS

GOOGLE ADWORDS KEYWORD TOOL

GOOGLE KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD ANALYSIS RESEARCH

KEYWORD BUZZ

KEYWORD GENERATION TOOL

KEYWORD MARKETING RESEARCH

KEYWORD QUESTIONS

KEYWORD RESEARCH NEEDS

KEYWORD RESEARCH STRATEGIES

KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS SCAN

KEYWORD TOOLS

NICHE MARKET KEYWORDS

POPULAR KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS

PPC KEYWORD RESEARCH SOFTWARE

PROFESSIONAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

PROMISING KEYWORD PHRASES

SEARCH ENGINE KEYWORD RESEARCH

SEO BOOK KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

SMART KEYWORD RESEARCH

SUCCESSFUL KEYWORD RESEARCH

THEMEZOOM KEYWORD MARKET RESEARCH

TRADITIONAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

KEYWORD RESEARCH SERVICES

RESEARCH KEYWORDS

KEYWORD RESEARCH PROCESS

FREE KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

GOOGLE KEYWORD TOOL

FREE KEYWORD RESEARCH

PROMISING KEYWORD PHRASES

KEYWORD PHRASES

KEY-PHRASES

KEY PHRASES

KEYWORD IDEAS

KEY IDEAS

KEY TRENDS SHAPING

KEY TRENDS

KEY INDICATORS

KEY PLAYERS

KEY ISSUES

KEY ADVANTAGE

KEY QUESTIONS

KEY AREA

KEY STAGE

KEY BENEFITS

KEY DRIVERS

KEY TOOL

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

KEY COMPONENT

KEY FACTORS

KEY CONCEPT

KEY FEATURES

KEY COUNTRIES

KEY ENERGY MARKET RESEARCH

KEY MARKET DRIVERS

KEY TRENDS AFFECTING

KEY ACTIVITY

KEY ANALYSIS

KEY ANALYTICAL CONTENT

KEY BANKS SERVING SMALL BUSINESSES

KEY CANADIAN MARKET RESEARCH SOURCES

KEY COMPANY

KEY COMPETITORS CHAPTER LISTS

KEY CONSIDERATIONS RELATED

KEY DRIVERS ANALYSIS

KEY MARKET DATA

KEY MEASUREMENTS

KEY MEDIA CURRENCIES

KEY PLAYER'S ACTIVITY

KEY PRODUCT CATEGORIES

KEY REGIONAL PLAYER

KEY REVENUE LINES

KEY STRATEGIC ISSUES

K:Keyword Research

Sam — Wed, 02 Jun 2010 14:34:28 GMT

Summary:

KEYWORD RESEARCH

keyword intelligence

Keyword Discovery

Keyword Discovery Review

KEYWORD ANALYSIS

KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS

KEYWORD ELITE

KEYWORD RESEARCH SOFTWARE

KEYWORDS

ADWORDS KEYWORD TOOL

BASIC KEYWORD RESEARCH NEEDS

BEST-KNOWN KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS

BRAD CALLEN'S KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

DIFFERENT KEYWORDS

INITIAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

FINAL KEYWORDS

FREE KEYWORD TOOLS

GENERAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

GOOD KEYWORDS

GOOGLE ADWORDS KEYWORD TOOL

GOOGLE KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD ANALYSIS RESEARCH

KEYWORD BUZZ

KEYWORD GENERATION TOOL

KEYWORD MARKETING RESEARCH

KEYWORD QUESTIONS

KEYWORD RESEARCH NEEDS

KEYWORD RESEARCH STRATEGIES

KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS SCAN

KEYWORD TOOLS

NICHE MARKET KEYWORDS

POPULAR KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS

PPC KEYWORD RESEARCH SOFTWARE

PROFESSIONAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

PROMISING KEYWORD PHRASES

SEARCH ENGINE KEYWORD RESEARCH

SEO BOOK KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

SMART KEYWORD RESEARCH

SUCCESSFUL KEYWORD RESEARCH

THEMEZOOM KEYWORD MARKET RESEARCH

TRADITIONAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

KEYWORD RESEARCH SERVICES

RESEARCH KEYWORDS

KEYWORD RESEARCH PROCESS

FREE KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

GOOGLE KEYWORD TOOL

FREE KEYWORD RESEARCH

PROMISING KEYWORD PHRASES

KEYWORD PHRASES

KEY-PHRASES

KEY PHRASES

KEYWORD IDEAS

KEY IDEAS

KEY TRENDS SHAPING

KEY TRENDS

KEY INDICATORS

KEY PLAYERS

KEY ISSUES

KEY ADVANTAGE

KEY QUESTIONS

KEY AREA

KEY STAGE

KEY BENEFITS

KEY DRIVERS

KEY TOOL

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

KEY COMPONENT

KEY FACTORS

KEY CONCEPT

KEY FEATURES

KEY COUNTRIES

KEY ENERGY MARKET RESEARCH

KEY MARKET DRIVERS

KEY TRENDS AFFECTING

KEY ACTIVITY

KEY ANALYSIS

KEY ANALYTICAL CONTENT

KEY BANKS SERVING SMALL BUSINESSES

KEY CANADIAN MARKET RESEARCH SOURCES

KEY COMPANY

KEY COMPETITORS CHAPTER LISTS

KEY CONSIDERATIONS RELATED

KEY DRIVERS ANALYSIS

KEY MARKET DATA

KEY MEASUREMENTS

KEY MEDIA CURRENCIES

KEY PLAYER'S ACTIVITY

KEY PRODUCT CATEGORIES

KEY REGIONAL PLAYER

KEY REVENUE LINES

KEY STRATEGIC ISSUES

K:Market Research

Sam — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 15:12:50 GMT

Summary:

Market Research

Market Research Industry

Market Research Industry Analysis

market intelligence

analysis

market analysis

forecasts

market forecasts

market data

trends

market trends

market share

Market Statistics

Quantative Analysis

Marketing Research

Economic research

Niche Market

search marketing

Keyword Research

keyword market research

Market Research Analyst

analysis and forecasting

forecasting

predictions

Market research news

Structural Equation Modeling

interrelationships of variables

statistical technique

Concept Testing

product idea

Brand Equity

health of brands

competitive comparison

demand for a particular product

Conjoint Analysis

T.U.R.F. Analysis

data collection and analysis

client's expectations

relationship-based market research

Brand Institute

business strategy

gather information about markets

Canadian Statistics

Canadian Market Research Sources

seasoned research consultants

market intelligence leader

product's potential

MRIA

CMRE

Global market intelligence

How Market Research Works

target market

marketing research

market data

public opinion

strategic advice

market segmentation

market size

market growth

online market research

market research reports

labor market research

study of markets

study of groups of people

do-it-yourself market research

custom market research

Market Research Jobs

international market research

Business Insights

energy market analysis

energy market databases

Qualitative Market Research

market analysis reports

Life Expectancy

Replacement Market

Saturation Levels

Consulting

objective research

Stock Research

Stock Market Research

Market Research Tools

marketers

market research via online communities

online communities

KEYWORD RESEARCH

keyword intelligence

Keyword Discovery

Keyword Discovery Review

KEYWORD ANALYSIS

KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS

KEYWORD ELITE

KEYWORD RESEARCH SOFTWARE

KEYWORDS

ADWORDS KEYWORD TOOL

BASIC KEYWORD RESEARCH NEEDS

BEST-KNOWN KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS

BRAD CALLEN'S KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

DIFFERENT KEYWORDS

INITIAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

FINAL KEYWORDS

FREE KEYWORD TOOLS

GENERAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

GOOD KEYWORDS

GOOGLE ADWORDS KEYWORD TOOL

GOOGLE KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD ANALYSIS RESEARCH

KEYWORD BUZZ

KEYWORD GENERATION TOOL

KEYWORD MARKETING RESEARCH

KEYWORD QUESTIONS

KEYWORD RESEARCH NEEDS

KEYWORD RESEARCH STRATEGIES

KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS SCAN

KEYWORD TOOLS

NICHE MARKET KEYWORDS

POPULAR KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS

PPC KEYWORD RESEARCH SOFTWARE

PROFESSIONAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

PROMISING KEYWORD PHRASES

SEARCH ENGINE KEYWORD RESEARCH

SEO BOOK KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

SMART KEYWORD RESEARCH

SUCCESSFUL KEYWORD RESEARCH

THEMEZOOM KEYWORD MARKET RESEARCH

TRADITIONAL KEYWORD RESEARCH

KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

KEYWORD RESEARCH SERVICES

RESEARCH KEYWORDS

KEYWORD RESEARCH PROCESS

FREE KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOL

GOOGLE KEYWORD TOOL

FREE KEYWORD RESEARCH

PROMISING KEYWORD PHRASES

KEYWORD PHRASES

KEY-PHRASES

KEY PHRASES

KEYWORD IDEAS

KEY IDEAS

KEY TRENDS SHAPING

KEY TRENDS

KEY INDICATORS

KEY PLAYERS

KEY ISSUES

KEY ADVANTAGE

KEY QUESTIONS

KEY AREA

KEY STAGE

KEY BENEFITS

KEY DRIVERS

KEY TOOL

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

KEY COMPONENT

KEY FACTORS

KEY CONCEPT

KEY FEATURES

KEY COUNTRIES

KEY ENERGY MARKET RESEARCH

KEY MARKET DRIVERS

KEY TRENDS AFFECTING

KEY ACTIVITY

KEY ANALYSIS

KEY ANALYTICAL CONTENT

KEY BANKS SERVING SMALL BUSINESSES

KEY CANADIAN MARKET RESEARCH SOURCES

KEY COMPANY

KEY COMPETITORS CHAPTER LISTS

KEY CONSIDERATIONS RELATED

KEY DRIVERS ANALYSIS

KEY MARKET DATA

KEY MEASUREMENTS

KEY MEDIA CURRENCIES

KEY PLAYER'S ACTIVITY

KEY PRODUCT CATEGORIES

KEY REGIONAL PLAYER

KEY REVENUE LINES

KEY STRATEGIC ISSUES

Osteoporosis and Exercises

Michelle Aultman — Sat, 29 May 2010 18:30:20 GMT

Summary:

''Give me a few minutes and I will give you a couple of training suggestions to reduce osteoporosis''.

Around 10 million Americans have osteoporosis, and another 34 million have low bone mass, (osteopenia).

A disease without any symptoms, osteoporosis affects about 20 percent of men and 80 percent of women.

Given that the bones gradually become weaker, they will probably break from a minor fall or, if left untreated, even from simple things like a sneeze.

The most typical fracture sites are the hip, wrist and spine, although any bone in the body could be affected.

A diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis can be scary, leading lots of people to stop exercisse due to fear it'll cause fractures.

The reality is that those with low bone mass should make a point to exercise frequently.

Being active can not merely assist in preventing osteoporosis, but slow bone loss once it's already begun.

Before beginning an exercise program, you have to check with your physician for guidelines, as level of bone loss determines what type of workout is best.

Physicians can assess bone density and fracture risk by scanning the body using a special kind of X-ray machine.

As well as exercise, treatment may include dietary modifications and/or estrogen replacement therapy.

The more you know in regards to this condition, the more you can do to help prevent its onset.

To make strength and bone mass, both weight-bearing and strength training workouts are ideal.

Weight-bearing work outs are those that require the bones to fully support your weight against gravity.

Examples are walking, jogging, stair climbing, dancing or using an elliptical exercise machine.

Non-weight bearing exercises include biking, swimming, water aerobics and rowing.

Weight-bearing activities such as walking as little as 3 times weekly can benefit the bones.

Resistance training places mechanical force (stress) on our bodies, which increases density of bone.

Start by lifting light weights, moving in a slow and controlled manner, increasing resistance when you become stronger.

It's always strongly suggested that individuals with osteoporosis avoid the following forms of activity:

* Step aerobics and high-impact activities such as running, jumping, tennis.

* Activities that involve rounding, bending and twisting of the spine.

* Moving the legs sideways or across the body, particularly when performed against resistance.

* Rowing machines, trampolines.

* Any movement that involves pulling on the head and neck.

==Exercise Tips:==

* Even if you do not have osteoporosis, you need to check with your health care provider just before you start an exercising program.

* Make sure to warm-up prior to starting and cool-down at the end of every exercise session.

* To get the best benefit to your bone health, combine several different weight-bearing exercises.

* As you build strength, increase resistance, or weights, instead of repetitions.

* Make sure to drink plenty of water whenever exercising.

* Vary the types of exercise that you do each week.

* Combine weight bearing and resistance exercise with aerobic exercises to help improve your overall health.

* Bring your friend along to help you keep going or better yet, bring your family and encourage them to be healthy.

* Add more physical activity in your day; take the stairs vs. the elevator, park further way, and walk to your co-worker's office rather than emailing.

==Put LIVE into action!==

L - Load or weight-bearing exercises make a difference to your bones

I - Intensity builds stronger bones.

V - Vary the types of exercise as well as your routine to keep interested.

E - Enjoy your exercises. Make exercise fun so you will continue in to the future!

Specific factors raise the likelihood of developing osteoporosis.

While a few of these risk factors are controllable, others aren't.

Risk factors that can be controlled are: Sedentary lifestyle, excess intake of protein, sodium,

caffeine and/or alcohol, smoking, calcium and Vitamin D deficiencies and taking certain medicines.

Body size (small frame), gender, family history and ethnicity are risk factors that can't be controlled.

Women can lose as much as 20 percent of their bone mass in the five to seven years after menopause,

which makes them more susceptible to osteoporosis.

It's never too soon to begin thinking of bone mineral density.

About 85-90 % of adult bone mass is acquired by age 18 in girls and 20 in boys.

Nutrition and Exercise for Healthy Bones in childhood and Adolescence

Much of the reserve of healthy bone is built in youth and before the age of 30.

Women might be more subject to an inadequate foundation process at this time than men.

Sufficient calcium intake,a comprehensive diet with lots of fruit and veggies and

load-bearing exercise are the tips for solid bone growth when you’re young.

Then, with continued exercise into old age –- which benefits men as well -- bone density decline might be kept to a minimum.

Although women are the main focus of information about osteoporosis and low bone density (osteopenia),

some men are also seriously afflicted by this condition.

In case you do all of the right things while becoming an adult and into adulthood, your inherited characteristics –- your genes -– can present you with bones that are susceptible to osteoporosis. This is even greater reason to maximize your lifestyle to prevent poor bone health.

About me - Michelle Aultman writes for the [http://www.ellipticalmachines.net/ elliptical trainer workout] blog, her personal hobby blog dedicated to suggestions to prevent osteoporosis trough home fitness.

-----
Writer's note: The info provided on this post are designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician.

Michelle Aultman has not business intent and does not accept direct source of promotion coming from health or pharmaceutical firms, doctors or clinics and websites.

All content provided by her is based on her editorial judgment and it’s not driven by an advertising purpose.

K:Soul and Spirit

Michael — Thu, 27 May 2010 16:03:32 GMT

Summary:

Soul and Spirit

Spirit and Soul

spirit

soul

spirit and soul and body

Body, Spirit & Soul

human Body

soul and body

human spirit

human soul

breath of life

inner life

thoughts

unconscious

subconscious

conscious

mind

heart

emotions

emotions and will

human will

human personality

Holy Spirit

self-destruction

bodily death

religion

occultism

spirituality

invisible beings

Triune God

Trinity

pneuma

akasha

atman

Prana

Bible

Paul

Apostle Paul

man's spirit

New Testament

embodied spirituality

spiritual traditions

pneuma, psuche, and soma

breath of life

living soul

unique spirit

Spirit of God

Spirit of Christ

personal spirit

unclean spirits

demonic spirits

demons

Satan

devil

spiritual realm

immortality

spiritual body

DEATH OF THE BODY

Free Spirit

church

Catechism

Spiritualism

Immortal Spirit

Orthodox Church

Catholic Church

Roman Catholic Church

Apostolic Church

Holy Trinity

Divinity of Christ

Trinity of God

Catechism of the Catholic Church

Blessed Trinity

Christian faith

Triune God

spirit and turth

spiritual needs

three Divine Persons in God

1054

immortality of the soul

Father, the Son and the Spirit

Father, Son and Holy Spirit

The mystery of the Most Holy Trinity

Most Holy Trinity

apostolic tradition

apostolic faith

unity of the Trinity

spiritual body

OCCULTISM

IMMATERIAL

AKASHA

MANAS

SOULS

ANGELIC SOUL

ANIMAL SOUL

BUDDHI

DEMONIC SPIRITS

DIVINE SOUL

PSUCHE

SPIRITUAL SOUL

EVIL SPIRIT

SPIRITUAL SCIENCE

LIFE FORCE

INTUITION

ANCIENT THEOSOPHY

NATIVE AMERICAN SPIRITUALITY

SPIRITUAL NATURE

TRADITIONAL RUSSIAN SPIRITUALITY

SPIRITUAL TRADITIONS

SPIRITUAL LIFE

Astral Light

Meditation

soul-culture

spirit world

Medium

Trichotomy

Greek Pneuma

Sanskrit akasha

Prana

SPIRIT OF THE MIND

subconscious minds

Monism

Idealism

Theosophist

feel

feelings

think

thinking

decide

intentions

mental activities

psychology

sensations

desires

computer

intellect

human brain

brain

computer hardware

computer software

natural body

Old Testament

New Testament

puranic scriptures

spiritual maturity

soul cannot be bought

immortal essence

immortality

Absolute immortality

flesh

flesh body

Jiva

Purusha

manas

Rig-Veda

spiritual

spiritual existence

Jewish mysticism

religion

God

immaterial spirits

intellection

spiritual being

eternal spirit

K:Soviet Victory

Michael — Sun, 09 May 2010 01:47:41 GMT

Summary:

Soviet Victory

Victory Day

V-day

Soviet Victory Day

9 May

May 9

Great Patriotic War

Victory parade

Soviet Victory Parade

Soviet Victory Parade of 1945

Red Square

Soviet victory over Hitler

Soviet victory over the Nazis

Soviet victory against Nazism

Soviet Victory Monument

1945 Soviet Victory

evacuation of Soviet industry

Barbarossa

Soviet Victory at Stalingrad

capitulation of Nazi Germany

capitulation

Second World War

World War II

Soviet Union

Marshal Zhukov

German capitulation

Arthur Tedder

joint Allied forces

Western Front

Soviet Order of Victory

Field-Marshal Keitel

German military

Joseph Stalin

anti-Hitler coalition

Supreme Command of Allied Forces

Nazi aggression

Marshal Georgy Zhukov

Georgy Zhukov

Moscow Victory Parade

Eastern Bloc

ceremonial military parades

Fall of Berlin

Soviet victory over Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

WWII

German forces

Death of Hitler

Reichstag

soviet union victory of WWII

soviet union victory

Cause of a Soviet Victory

battle of Kursk

Stalingrad

Soviet victory banner

Soviet victory Flag

German invasion

Soviet victory in Germany

Soviet Victory in Europe

Germany’s totalitarian dictatorship

Nuremberg

Truman

Churchill

Operation Bagration

Soviet victory over fascism

Moscow Victory Parade

popular patriotism

total-war mobilisation

Hero City

Leningrad

heroism

Soviet victory over Japan

Battle of Khalkhin Gol

Red Army

65 year anniversary

flag over Reichstag

key to the Soviet Victory

eternal flame

battle at Orel

defence industries

Resource Mobilisation

12 million strong army

Soviet Productive Effort

economic achievement

Eastern Front

Victory Day holiday

Nonaggression pacts

blitzkrieg on Poland

Molotov-Ribbentrop

Soviet talks with Britain

Munich conference in September 1938

relocation of Soviet industry

Soviet wartime evacuation

Wartime Evacuation

defense production

Soviet evacuation of plant

Soviet evacuation

Soviet industry

Soviet Partisan Movement

ten weeks

June 1940

Ural mountains

Russian production

11300 tanks

15000 airplanes

21000 guns

tanks

airplanes

guns

Japanese attack

older planes

December 1940

First Battle of Moscow

Battle of Moscow

second campaign

Third Reich

Nazi Party

SS

Blitzkrieg

Soviet armies

Soviet victory at Moscow

Zhukov

Timoshenko

Von Rundstedt

demilitarized zone

carried off to Germany

indomitable spirit

ballistic missiles

jet warplanes

atomic bombs

Soviet-German War

Machine-Building Industry

Siberia

6700 kilometers

K:Structured Knowledge

Michael — Sun, 25 Apr 2010 17:51:51 GMT

Summary:

[[Structured Knowledge]]

Abstraction hierarchy

Categories are

Categorization

Knowledge Tree

"Classes are" "Structured Knowledge"

Classification "knowledge"

Classification systems are

class hierarchy

cluster "knowledge"

Clusters are

Concepts are "knowledge"

Conceptual graph

Conceptual graphs are

Concept Mapping

Concept maps are

Data Mining

Decision trees

definition is a

Definitions are

Hierarchical structure

"Hierarchies are" "knowledge"

Hierarchy "knowledge"

idea is a "knowledge"

"Ideas are" "knowledge"

Imagination is

Innovation is

Inspiration is

Knowledge Acquisition

Knowledge Discovery

knowledge base is a

Knowledge Management

Knowledge Map

Knowledge Representation is a

"Learning is" "structured knowledge"

Collaborative learning is a

Mind Maps are

Ontologies are

Open clusters

organizing information

Organizing Principle

Queries are

Semantic networks are

Structural knowledge

structured approach is

Structured Blogging is a

Structured content is

Structured information is a

structured knowledge

Structured learning

structured methodology is a

Structured Programming is a

structured questionnaire is a

structurizing

subject hierarchy

Taxonomy

themes are

Thesauri are

Thesaurus

Topics are

topic map

Topic Maps are

TRIZ

Types are

unstructured information

unstructured knowledge

Wikis are

Conceptual structures are

Hierarchical classifications are

Hierarchical structures are

clustering "knowledge"

meaningful clustering

structurizing method

structurizing tool

structurizing process

Structural Knowledge Auditing

organizing and structuring

concept hierarchies are

conceptual hierarchies are

structured knowledge acquisition

structured knowledge base

structured approach

Structured blogging

Structured content

Structured information

structured methodology

Structured Programming

structured questionnaire

Structured questionnaires are

structures in mind are

structured generation

structured methodology

structured approach

structurization of knowledge

knowledge structurization

Innovation structure

Structured Knowledge Transfer

SKT "knowledge"

structured knowledge content

structured knowledge base

structured content

structured information

hierarchical classifications are

hierarchically-structured

hierarchically-structured knowledge

hierarchically-structured knowledge base

Structural knowledge tasks are

structure of human knowledge

structure of knowledge

unstructured training methods are

unstructured methods

unstructured text

exchange of structured knowledge

structured knowledge chunks are

structured knowledge sources are

Seamless Structured Knowledge Acquisition

SeSKA "knowledge"

Structured Knowledge Representation

Repositories of Structured Knowledge

Deriving Structured Knowledge

integrate structured knowledge

Structured Knowledge Models are

Querying Structured Knowledge Sources

Hierarchical Structured Knowledge Base

Hierarchical Structured Knowledge

Structured Knowledge Source Integration

SKSI "Knowledge"

reutilisation of structured knowledge

acquiring structured knowledge

Well-Structured Knowledge Representation

Well-Structured Knowledge

Well-structured knowledge bases

Hierarchically Structured Knowledge Spaces are

Hypermedia structured knowledge base

Hypermedia structured knowledge base system

Patent 5333237

processing of structured knowledge

structured knowledge processing

Structured Knowledge Application

Contact Center Efficiency

structured knowledge pool

Structured Knowledge Module

ill-structured knowledge domains are

Structured Knowledge Summary

Structured knowledge platform

semi-structured knowledge exchange

semi-structured knowledge

vertically-structured knowledge domain

little richly structured knowledge

well structured knowledge domains are

well structured knowledge domain

design structured knowledge

structured knowledge supply

Structured Knowledge Elicitation Methodology

Structured Knowledge Elicitation

structured knowledge engineering

structured knowledge management

leverages structured knowledge

capture structured knowledge

annotating and structurizing

Algorithm for Structurizing

structurizing object

structurizing element

Structurizing key names are

programs-structurizing

Structurizing Lists of Synonyms are

structurizing effect

Structurizing information

structurizing content

structurizing data

structurizing and optimizing

structurizing agent

structurizing structures are

structurizing structure

Structurization Institute

Structurization process

structurization methods are

structurization ability

Structurization Theory

structurization principle

Data structurization

Structurization of corporate knowledge

re-structurization

information structurization

structurization technology

syntactic structurization

Model structurization

hierarchical structurization

structurization problem

Problem structurization

Structurization research

Classification and structurization

structurization parameter

Opinion structurization

structurization of information

Structurization of the groups

clusters of knowledge are

Class "knowledge"

concept "knowledge"

category "knowledge"

K:E-Learning

Michael — Sun, 25 Apr 2010 13:53:35 GMT

Summary:

E-LEARNING

E-LEARNING SYSTEMS

E-LEARNING CONTENT

E-LEARNING'S DEVELOPMENT

E-LEARNING ACTIVITIES

E-LEARNING COMPANIES

E-LEARNING DEVELOPERS

E-LEARNING EXPERTS

E-LEARNING GLOSSARY

E-LEARNING INDUSTRY TRENDS

E-LEARNING INFRASTRUCTURE

E-LEARNING INSTRUCTION

E-LEARNING MARKET

E-LEARNING PIONEER BERNARD LUSKIN

E-LEARNING PORTAL OFFERING

E-LEARNING PRACTITIONERS

E-LEARNING PRODUCTS

E-LEARNING PROVIDER GIVING ACCESS

E-LEARNING RESOURCES

E-LEARNING SERVICES

E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES

E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY

E-LEARNING TOOLS

E-LEARNING USAGE

E-LEARNING PROGRAMS

E-LEARNING DISCUSSION

E-LEARNING INSTITUTIONS

E-LEARNING MATERIAL

E-LEARNING MODELS

E-LEARNING PRACTICE

E-LEARNING PRINCIPLES

E-LEARNING STRATEGIES

E-LEARNING STRATEGY

E-LEARNING SYSTEM

distance education

WEB-BASED DISTANCE EDUCATION

internet-based distance education

online distance education

online education

education online

telecourses

Distance Learning

online university courses

web-based distance education

web-based distance education course

Continuing Education Online

Virtual distance learning

Web-based courses

Web-based course

lifelong learning

ON-LINE COURSES

BENCHMARKS

DISTANCE EDUCATION TERMINOLOGY

distance education terms

ONLINE DISTANCE EDUCATION

DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSE

DISTANCE EDUCATION ONLINE

DISTANCE LEARNING

ONLINE EDUCATION

ONLINE DEGREES

DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSES

E-LEARNING

distance education programs

WEBQUESTS

online students

Distance education students

distance education system

remote communications

DELIVERY METHODS

QUALITY EDUCATION

EDUCATION ONLINE

K:Distance Education

Michael — Sun, 25 Apr 2010 00:43:31 GMT

Summary:

distance education

WEB-BASED DISTANCE EDUCATION

internet-based distance education

online distance education

online education

education online

telecourses

Distance Learning

online university courses

web-based distance education

web-based distance education course

Continuing Education Online

Virtual distance learning

Web-based courses

Web-based course

lifelong learning

ON-LINE COURSES

BENCHMARKS

DISTANCE EDUCATION TERMINOLOGY

distance education terms

ONLINE DISTANCE EDUCATION

DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSE

DISTANCE EDUCATION ONLINE

DISTANCE LEARNING

ONLINE EDUCATION

ONLINE DEGREES

DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSES

E-LEARNING

distance education programs

WEBQUESTS

online students

Distance education students

distance education system

remote communications

DELIVERY METHODS

QUALITY EDUCATION

EDUCATION ONLINE

Distance Education

Michael — Sun, 25 Apr 2010 00:40:01 GMT

Summary:

K:Green Energy

Michael — Fri, 16 Apr 2010 00:09:06 GMT

Summary:

Green Energy

Clean-energy

Green Power

GreenPower

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ENERGY

ACTIVE SOLAR MATERIAL

SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS

SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

WIND ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY GUIDE

SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRY

WIND FARM

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Green Power Labs

renewable sources of energy

renewable energy sources

Green Power Technology

Alternative Energy

Alternative Energy Information

Alt Energy

Green Power Alternative

Greenpower Alternative

Greenpower Alternative Sitemap

Benefits Of Alternative Energy

solar power

Solar Energy

Energy From The Sun

Alternative Fuel Stocks

Ocean Energy Conversion

OTEC

Biofuel

Biofuels from trees

Biofuels from beans

hydroelectric technology

hydrogen cells

wind power

Xto Energy Stocks

Alternative fuel

Alternate fuel sources

Wind Energy Companies

Renewable Energy Companies

Alternative Automobile Fuel

Alternative Energy Project

Alternative Fuel Types

Alternative Fuel Information

Canadian Energy Stocks

Inexhaustible Energy Resources

Alternative Energy Institute

Alternative Energy Products

Alternative Energy Research

K:Alternative Energy

Michael — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:47:09 GMT

Summary:

Alternative Energy

Alternative Energy Information

Alt Energy

Green Power

GreenPower

Green Power Alternative

Greenpower Alternative

Greenpower Alternative Sitemap

Benefits Of Alternative Energy

solar power

Solar Energy

Energy From The Sun

Alternative Fuel Stocks

Ocean Energy Conversion

OTEC

Biofuel

Biofuels from trees

Biofuels from beans

hydroelectric technology

hydrogen cells

atomic energy

wind power

Xto Energy Stocks

Alternative fuel

Alternate fuel sources

nuclear energy

Wind Energy Companies

Renewable Energy Companies

Alternative Automobile Fuel

Alternative Energy Project

Alternative Fuel Types

Alternative Fuel Information

Canadian Energy Stocks

Inexhaustible Energy Resources

Alternative Energy Institute

Alternative Energy Products

Alternative Energy Research

K:Green Power

Michael — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 20:45:49 GMT

Summary:

Green Power

GreenPower

Clean-energy

Green Energy

Green Power Labs

renewable sources of energy

renewable energy sources

Green Power Technology

Alternative Energy

Alternative Energy Information

Alt Energy

Green Power Alternative

Greenpower Alternative

Greenpower Alternative Sitemap

Benefits Of Alternative Energy

solar power

Solar Energy

Energy From The Sun

Alternative Fuel Stocks

Ocean Energy Conversion

OTEC

Biofuel

Biofuels from trees

Biofuels from beans

hydroelectric technology

hydrogen cells

wind power

Xto Energy Stocks

Alternative fuel

Alternate fuel sources

Wind Energy Companies

Renewable Energy Companies

Alternative Automobile Fuel

Alternative Energy Project

Alternative Fuel Types

Alternative Fuel Information

Canadian Energy Stocks

Inexhaustible Energy Resources

Alternative Energy Institute

Alternative Energy Products

Alternative Energy Research

K:four-dimensional symmetry

Michael — Fri, 09 Apr 2010 02:07:24 GMT

Summary:

four-dimensional symmetry

four dimensional symmetry

4-DIMENSIONAL SYMMETRY

SUPERSYMMETRY

SUPERSYMMETRIC

evolution in physics

evolutionary laws of physics

evolution of physical laws

ENTROPY

ENTROPY CALCULATIONS

SPACETIME ENTROPY

SPACETIME

WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY

UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

QUANTUM COSMOLOGY

FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES

QUARKS

ANTIBARYONS

ANTIQUARK

ANTIQUARKS

ATOMIC LENGTH SCALES

HOLE THERMODYNAMICS

HOLE INFORMATION PARADOX

LARGER PARTICLES

SPIN-STATISTICS THEOREM

STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS

WINNING SPIN

ZEROTH LAW

ANTILEPTONS

PHYSICAL COSMOLOGY

BARYON NUMBER SYMMETRY

BLACK-BODY RADIATION

BOSONS INTEGER SPIN

C-SYMMETRY

CP SYMMETRY

CHAOTIC SYSTEMS

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

ELECTROGRAVITATIONAL

DENNIS STARTSEV

DYNAMIC ANTISYMMETRY

GLUONS

ENERGY DEBT

EULER'S EQUATIONS

GRAVITATIONAL QUANTITIES

HIGGS PARTICLES

HUBBLE RED-SHIFT

LEPTON NUMBER CONSERVATION

NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS

QUANTUM SPINORS

QUANTUM VLASOV EQUATION

SPATIAL ANTISYMMETRY

SPIN ALIGNMENT

WEAK GAUGE BOSONS

LEPTONS

BARYONS

FERMIONS

BOSONS

GAUGE BOSONS

MESON

WAVE FUNCTION

WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE

CAUSALITY

DARK ENERGY

SUBATOMIC PARTICLE

MAX PLANCK

INDIVIDUAL ATOMS

PARTICLE PHYSICISTS

WEAK INTERACTIONS

BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS

LAGRANGIAN

NEUTRINOS

QUANTUM CHEMISTRY

GAUGE SYMMETRY

LOOP QUANTUM GRAVITY

QUANTUM GRAVITY

VACUUM ENERGY

GRAVITON

COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT

EARLY UNIVERSE

QUANTUM PHYSICS

BILLION YEARS

four dimensional symmetry algebra

physical cosmology

universal constants

degrees of freedom

relative times

common time

clock synchronizations

time and space

quantum mechanics

fuzzy quantum mechanics

special relativity

relativity physics

light speed

Markov limit

quantum master equations

ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

Universe ages

expanding universe

ANTISYMMETRY

thermodynamics

Particle physics

flexibility in clock synchronizations

field theory

Ivanenko

Startsev

Ivanenko and Startsev

D Ivanenko and A Startsev

Particle physics and field theory

Global symmetries

baryon number

lepton number

electron diffraction patterns

non trivial symmetry

additional degrees of freedom

FOUR-DIMENSIONAL POINT GROUPS

ANTISYMMETRY FOUR-DIMENSIONAL POINT GROUPS

four-dimensional symmetry algebras

Einstein's equations

Rotating dust solutions of Einstein's equations

noncrystallographic symmetry

four-dimensional symmetry of special relativity

orthogonal rotations

LORENTZ AND POINCARÉ INVARIANCE

Lorentz and Poincaré groups

four-dimensional symmetry of the Lorentz and Poincaré groups

four dimensional symmetry transformations

Invariant distribution of quantized field oscillators

Invariant distribution

quantized field oscillators

superspace groups